Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Ageratina adenophora, often known as Crofton Weed, is one of the common invasive weeds which first originated from Mexico and Central America and gradually invaded numerous parts of the world. Because of its ability to alter the soil microbial communities and its allelopathic competition with other plant species, this plant colonizes forest margins, stream banks and disturbed areas in large dense clumps and is found to possess potent toxicological effects on livestock; the lethal chronic pulmonary disease has been reported in horses while liver complications have been reported in mice. Despite this, the plant has been studied more extensively for its therapeutic uses as phytochemicals viz. steroids, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins and saponins (7-hydroxy-dehydrotremetone, 7, 10,1 1-trihydroxy-dehydrotremetone, 10-oxo-7-hydroxynordehydro-tremetone,Eupatorone, 2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoagera-phorone(DAOA), 9-oxoagerophorone(OA), etc.) which have been reported are found to possess antimicrobial activity, antipyretic activity, wound healing, antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, anti-tumor activity, insecticidal activity, antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory activity, larvicidal activity. This present review is an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on invasive nature, pharmacological study, phytochemical review,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Substances that loose stools and boost bowel movements are laxatives, purgatives, or aperitives. They are used to treat constipation and to stop it. Constipation relates to infrequent or difficult to transfer bowel movements. Often the stool is hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if the bowel movement has not been fully passed. Hemorrhoid’s anal fissure or fecal impaction may be complications from constipation. It is a common gastrointestinal functional disorder. IBS is considered to be a complex condition with physiological and psychosocial elements in which stimuli from the central nervous system modulates altered bowel motility or sensation. Medical treatments for constipation include the provision of bulk laxatives, osmotic agents, stimulants, lubricants, and neuromuscular agents. Animal models are important tools in experimental medical science to understand the pathological process of human diseases. Animal models include drug-induced constipation in rat model, canine slow transit constipation model, low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats, gastrointestinal motility test, castor oil-induced enter pooling. Gastrointestinal motility depicts the muscle contraction...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Transdermal delivery of therapeutics has been identified by scientific researchers as an alternative choice of drug administration, owing to its unique and tremendous benefit over conventional and oral administrations, but its exploration has been limited because of the “skin barricade” as its major challenge. A special formulation that is capable of meeting up and overcoming its associated challenges is required. Nanotechnology is already established as one of the developing areas of technology, and its application in drug delivery has proven overwhelming success. Nanoemulsions are unique nanotechnological formulations that represent a novel drug delivery system towards resolving pharmaceutical challenges as well as improves dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Since the majority of novel drug candidates, especially those phyto-pharmaceutically discovered, are of less solubility and bioavailability, their pharmaceutical applications have been underexplored. This study aims at presenting nanoemulsion as a novel formulation capable of solving undesirable pharmaceutical challenges such as toxicity, first-pass metabolic effect, drug solubility, and bioavailability. Its potential as an exclusive nanocarrier that mobilizes and promotes transdermal therapeutic delivery...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Oral route has always been the preferred route of drug administration in many diseases. This route is limited to those drugs molecules that are permeable across the gastric mucosa and are sparingly soluble. Solubility is an important parameter to achieve the desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for therapeutic response. As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, there has been a steady increase in the number of new active lipophilic compounds that are poorly water-soluble. It is a challenge for a scientist to convert those molecules into an orally administered formulation with sufficient bioavailability. Improving oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs using self micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) appears most promising. Currently, various technologies are available to deal with insoluble drugs such as micronization, solid dispersions, complex formation, etc. Among the several approaches, SMEDDS has emerged as a distinctive approach used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. SMEDDS is isotropic mixture of drug, surfactants, cosurfactants, and oil which have unique ability to form fine o/w...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Prostate cancer is one of the most important cancer in men. In most cases, prostate cancer confirmed by histological and transrectal biopsy for the examination of prostatic tissue. Metastatic prostate cancer is second leading cause of death from cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy is common treatment in men with prostate cancer that may cause fatigue, increased body fatness, and loss of lean body tissue. Abiraterone acetate improved overall survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Enzalutamide is a novel anti-androgen that is approved for the treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistance Prostate Cancer after taxane-based chemotherapy. The management options include surveillance, radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy, but there is no evidence base to evaluate the benefits of each approach. Advanced prostate cancer is managed by hormonal therapy. Active surveillance is a novel and fascinating approach to distinguish between patients who are at higher risk and need active therapy and patients who are at low risk for disease progression. This review provides a short overview of the various approaches of prostate...
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