Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Herbal medication has attracted much attention in recent years and is being used as an alternative to chemical medicines. Some evidence supports the positive effects of medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of different types of diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the most abundant component of Nigella sativa seeds, and most of the properties of Nigella sativa are attributed primarily to TQ. It belongs to a class of naturally presenting phenols, chemically known as 2-isopropyl-5-methyl benzo-1, 4-quinone (C10H12O2), is a dark yellow crystalline monoterpene diketone, abundantly found in the seeds of Nigella sativa. Besides Nigella sativa, TQ is an active ingredient of several plants as Juniperus, Monarda, Coridothymus, Agastache, Satureja. It has been reported to possess various beneficial therapeutic effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, hepato-protective and cardioprotective effects. It is significant to say that TQ may be effective as a powerful contender of natural origin with therapeutic potential against an array of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
The interest in using natural and chemically modified polysaccharides as a part of drug development has increased in the past two decades. For potential carriers in controlled, modulated drug delivery, great interest has also been focused on biopolymer-based hydrogels. Due to their advantages like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost, biopolymers have been widely used in the development of hydrogels. Indeed, by tuning the physicochemical properties of the hydrogels with varying the degree of crosslinking either by chemical or physical or physical-chemical means these networks can be made suitable as the modulated drug delivery devices. In this present review, a focus is made on various natural polymers and their mechanism to form cross-linked hydrogel beads with suitable cations and various methods of preparation of beads. Here, it was also tried to explain the significance of polyelectrolyte complexation and ionotropic gelation approaches, as these methods show great pledge as a tool for the development of the encapsulation process and also plays an important role in controlled and modulated drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Bisphenol-A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is an emerging environmental toxicant with endocrine disrupting properties and toxic effects on living organisms. BPA is ubiquitously present in consumer products current in our daily lives. As it is released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating the potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. BPA exposure might be able to cause oxidative damage by disturbing the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of eukaryotic cells, resulting in the development of oxidative stress-related diseases. From the available information, it can be inferred that a wide variety of BPA intake through any mode results into a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altering the antioxidant balance of eukaryotic cells, induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and affects cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress. BPA induced oxidative stress might be able to cause sperm damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impairment of the structure and function of spermatozoa resulting in male infertility. Here, a review of the current literature...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
The scenario of pharmaceutical drug delivery are expeditiously challenging, but conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms are still dominating. Immediate release dosage forms are those wherein ≥85% of labeled amount dissolves within 30 min. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. The basic approach used in the formulation of the tablet is the use of superdisintegrants like croscarmellose, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone, etc. These superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of the tablet after administration in the stomach. Thus, decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. The rapid disintegration may be due to the rapid uptake of water from the medium, swelling, burst effect and thereby promoting bioavailability. Tablets formulations are mostly preferred because of the low cost of manufacture, package, shipment, increased stability. Among various dosage forms used for oral drug delivery, tablets are one of the most successful and marketable drug delivery regimens as it provides several advantages over another form of dosage forms. This article provide an exhaustive account illustrating the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Nanotechnology is emerging as a field in pharmacy and medicine that is expected to elicit significant therapeutic benefits especially in the field of drug targeting. The development of effective nanocarriers capable of carrying therapeutic agents specifically and safely to a desired site of action is one of the most challenging tasks facing drug formulation researchers. Serious research attempts had been conducted to reformulate and add new dimensions to the existing blockbuster therapeutic agents to achieve and maintain therapeutic breakthroughs. Integration of nanocarriers therapeutic agent delivery technologies in pre-formulation work accelerate the development of new therapeutic moieties and help in the reduction of attrition of new molecular entities caused by undesirable biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. Careful modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers provides improved control over the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the encapsulated therapeutic agents relative to free drugs that would typically lead to a superior therapeutic index of the encapsulated agent. Nanocarriers vary from biological substances such as albumins, proteins, peptides, and phospholipid liposomes, to chemical substances such as...
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