Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) nucleus and it’s natural, as well as synthetic derivatives, has been a field of interest due to its unique tendency to adopt varying categories of substitutions which provides the basis for modifying this nucleus for multidisciplinary actions. The extensive literature review reflects that coumarin derivatives have been synthesized by several structural modifications and exhibit numerous activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hepatitis, hepatoprotective, anti-pyretic, analgesics, anti-thrombotic, vasodilatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-adipogenic and anti-hyperglycemic. They also inhibit lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase, MAO-A, MAO-B, and TNF-alpha enzymes. The purpose of this study is to review the anti-inflammatory potentials of coumarins and to generate a comparative SAR that may support to improve their anti-inflammatory activity by newer and potent diverse structural modifications of the coumarin nucleus. The review shows that wide varieties of coumarin derivatives have been synthesized and have shown anti-inflammatory potentials. These derivatives can be further modified with the help of SAR generated in the present work to improve the anti-inflammatory potentials of the...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2014 in |
A drug should be available in accessible in disintegrated state before producing its therapeutic effect however; in current market more than 40%, drugs are poorly soluble in water. In view of their low aqueous solubility, those new chemical entities fail to reach market in spite of revealing potential pharmacodynamics activities. Poorly aqueous soluble drugs are connected with moderate drug absorption leading inevitably to insufficient and variable bioavailability. Consequently, different methodologies have been grasped for solubility and dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs thus bioavailability. Solubility assumes a paramount part in attaining the desired plasma drug concentration. In this review article, different techniques like solid dispersion using hot stage extrusion, freeze-drying, spray drying, and hot melt extrusion also nano suspensions, dried emulsions were discussed for solubility and dissolution rate improvement of BCS class II antifungal drug Itraconazole. Amongst various method described in this review, solid dispersion was found to be most preferred technique by researcher as it provide ease in preparation and efficiency in terms of resolving the solubility and dissolution...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Herbal Medicines (HM) and their preparations have been widely used for hundreds of years all over the world. However, they have not been officially recognized due to lack of adequate or accepted research methodology for their evaluation. Traditional systems of Indian Herbal medicine include Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani and Siddha. Among them Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems (ASU) use plants, minerals and animal products as main drugs to cure various ailments. The quality and safety of these herbal products has now become a serious issue due to increasing pollution in air, water, soil, etc. Pharmacognostical analysis of medicinal herbs remains challenging issues for analytical chemists, as herbs are a complicated system of mixtures. This review emphasizes the significance of NIR methods in the discrimination of much herbal medicine from closely related species and from adulterants. The quality of samples from different localities and growing conditions based on their geographical origin may vary. Thus, the identification of crude herbs based on geographical origins is crucial in order to ensure authenticity,...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Demonstration of safety and efficacy of the drug product for human use is important before the drug product gets approval for import or manufacturing of new drug by regulatory authority in any country. Once the clinical and preclinical data have been collected, a New Drug Application (NDA) must be submitted to regulatory authority for approval. Globalization of pharmaceutical industry has created the need to develop the recommendations for development of new pharmaceuticals as well as the regulatory requirement of various countries. Thus, a common format of submission will help in overcoming these difficulties. Through International conference on Harmonization (ICH), Common Technical Document (CTD) guidance’s have been developed for Japan, EU and United States and the Research based industry and more recently its electronic version the electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD). The CTD application format is now favored by USFDA as well as Worldwide regulatory authorities. Implementation of CTD is expected to reduce time and resources needed by the industry to compile applications for global registrations. Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) is...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Every drug has two facets and the sinister side is becoming more apparent every day, sometimes resulting in product recalls by regulatory agencies due to serious adverse effects. Monitoring of unwanted side effects of allopathic drugs administered alone, and in combination with other drugs or dietary products causing drug-drug and drug-herbal/food interactions were lacking earlier, but information is now being unearthed in India. The aim of pharmacovigilance programmes is to bring this treasure trove of knowledge under one umbrella for consumers and all other stakeholders. Such programmes are meant to create awareness among physicians and surgeons for the better treatment of patients by advocating safe use of drugs, and at the same time collect risk/benefit data and collaborate globally to form a strong post-market surveillance network. Hopefully, the seeds of such programmes sown today will blossom into powerful and efficient tools and lead to meaningful outcomes in the future. Presently, pharmacovigilance in India is in its nascent stage. After two unsuccessful attempts, the third Indian venture to construct a...
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