Posted by admin on Feb 26, 2015 in |
Apoptosis, a well choreographed gene-directed cellular destruction, plays an important role in a variety of biological events, including morphogenesis, homeostatic maintenance of various tissues and removal of harmful cells while dysregulated apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of disease such as cancer, systemic and organ specific autoimmune disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Apoptosis is initiated by extracellular or intracellular signals in which complex machinery is activated to start a cascade of events ultimately leading to the degradation of nuclear DNA and dismantling of the cell. Cellular disruption results from the activation of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases. Caspases are synthesized as inactive proenzymes, which upon activation cleave various substrates in the cytoplasm or nucleus leading to changes in morphological and cell death. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of basic knowledge on the process of apoptosis including morphology, characterization, assays, anti apoptotic genes, mechanisms and relevance to...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Medicinal herbs used in modern medicine are occupying a very significant place as raw materials for important drugs. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are used in traditional, folk and herbal medicine. Traditionally Ixora is found to be useful for many ailments like hepatic disorder, cancer, microbial infection, antioxidant, pain, inflammation, etc. and has been documented for various medicinal properties. The genus Ixora has been reported to possess different classes of compounds mainly triterpenoids (lupeol, urosilic acid, oleanolic acid betunolic acid, amyrins, etc.), aromatic acrid oils, tannins, saponins, carbohydrate, fatty acids, flavanoids (rutin, formononetin, β-sitosterol, quercetin and kaempferol) and sterols. Out of many species of Ixora much research was done on I. coccinea and some part of the work on I. chinensis, I. javanica, I. finlaysoniana, I. parviflora and I. macrothyrsa. The main aim is to provide a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of various species of Ixora. In the present review,...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Antioxidants have become a vital part of our lives today. Antioxidants help neutralize or destroy “Reactive Oxygen Species” (ROS) or free radicals before they can damage cells. This paper focuses on types of damaging free radicals generated in metabolic processes and also gives an insight of mechanistic aspect of various in-vitro methods for evaluation of antioxidant capacity of plant metabolites and dietary supplements. The various HAT based, ET based assays and cellular antioxidant capacity assay (CAA) are discussed here. The oxidation induced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result in cell membrane disintegration, membrane protein damage and DNA mutations which play an important role in aging and can further initiate or propagate the development of many diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, liver injury, inflammation, skin damages, coronary heart diseases and...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis, and is the most common form of arthritis. Persons suffering from osteoarthritis have symptoms of pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion of affected joints. Although NSAIDS are the most commonly prescribed agents for this disorder but can cause of serious adverse effects. Two compounds Glucosamine and chondroitin which are extracted from animal products have been used in various forms for OA. To assess the clinical effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitinsulphate in treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms like joint pain, joint space narrowing, reduced walking time, swelling etc. We searched articles separately for glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate using internet. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from articles was extracted using a standardized data extraction tables i.e. table1 and table 2. Glucosamine and Chondroitin sulphate are effective in the treatment of Osteoarthritis because these canreducepain, prevent further joint space narrowing and solve other related problems of this disease. The two agents can be used in osteoarthritis treatment as their safety is already assured as compared...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
The advent of nanotechnology lead to invention of many dosage forms. Effective targeted drug delivery systems have been a dream for a long time, due to several major drawbacks, a practical approach has been developed for the formation of discrete functionalized particles, which have been termed as ‘Nanosponge’. The development of new colloidal carrier called Nanosponges has the potential to solve these problems. Nanosponge is a novel and emerging technology it can precisely control the release rates of controlled drug delivery for topical use. The invention of Nanosponges has become a significant step toward overcoming these problems. Nanosponges are tiny sponges with a size of about a virus, which can be filled with a wide variety of drugs. These tiny sponges can circulate around the body until they encounter the specific target site and stick on the surface and begin to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner. Because the drug can be released at the specific target site instead of circulating throughout the body it will...
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