Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2014 in |
Blood pressure (BP) is one of the major prognostic indicators in cardiovascular patients and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accurate measurement of BP is important to classify an individual to confirm BP related risk and to continue treatment. The limitations of conventional technique can be surpassed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). ABPM strengthens its superiority towards clinical BP measurement in point of its high reproducibility, high cost-effectiveness, assessment of white coat hypertension, provides multiple BP measurements. This review highlights ABPM technique and covers a brief introduction about hypertension, measurement of BP by 24-hr ABPM, clinical indications in various areas, ABPM device and its application thereby concluding that ABPM technique is superior both in terms of care and cost over conventional technique for diagnosis and treatment of...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
When designing small molecules to interact with the targets, one should consider stereo selectivity. As considerations for exploring structure space evolve, chirality is increasingly important. Binding affinity for a chiral drug can differ for diastereomers and between enantiomers. For the virtual screening and computational design stage of drug development, this problem can be compounded by incomplete stereochemical information in structure libraries leading to a “coin toss” as to whether or not the “ideal” chiral structure is present. Creating every stereoisomer for each chiral compound in a structure library leads to an exponential increase in the number of structures resulting in potentially unmanageable file sizes and screening times. Therefore, only key chiral structures, enantiomeric pairs based on relative stereochemistry need be included, and lead to a compromise between exploration of chemical space and maintaining manageable libraries. In clinical environments, enantiomers of chiral drugs can have reduced, no, or even deleterious effects. This underscores the need to avoid mixtures of compounds and focus on chiral synthesis. Governmental regulations emphasizing the need...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
Biobatch is usually prepared for the purpose of pharmacokinetic evaluation before NDA or IND filing. There are several critical issues that one has to face during the audit process like equivalence between the Biobatch and proposed commercial production batch. During the development and scale-up of the manufacturing process, various standard operating processes have to be documented to provide link between the bio/clinical batch and commercial batch. The Biobatch is a key component of the quality assessment, regardless of whether there is a bio waiver supported by dissolution studies or a formulation comparison, or bioequivalence study. IVIVC is one of the methods accepted by regulatory authorities including USFDA and it is applied while preparing the Biobatch. Extensive pilot experiments are to be carried out before a Biobatch is prepared. This may increase the cost of production for the company. Further, even after the approval of the formulation, various pharmaceutical factors may vary and lead to inconsistencies during the production phase. Recently, to overcome these problems, several software are available. Judicious...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
One of the prime candidates in the treatment of debilitating human cancers includes a family of enzymes referred to as L- glutaminases. The antitumor activity of these enzymes found effective in countering Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL a commonly diagnosed pediatric cancer.). Further it is found to inhibit four human tumour cell lines namely Hep-G2 [Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line], MCF-7 [Breast cancer cell line], HCT-116 [Colon cell line] and A549 [Human lung Carcinoma]. Apart from therapeutic use, it is having a number of other applications like in food industry, analysis and in production of fine chemicals. This review, hence, mainly focuses on the biochemical aspects of L-Glutaminase production, aiming to comprehend the physiochemical characteristics, application of L-Glutaminase and its properties. Processes central to these biochemical aspects, including submerged fermentation and Solid state fermentation of L- glutaminase producing organisms are also...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
Heterocylic chemistry have been known for many years but in recent years heteocyclics received great attention. In heterocyclic chemistry oxazoline is one of the most important moiety. Oxazoline moiety shows a wide range of application such as in agriculture industry, pharmaceutical, food industry, natural product, medicine, polymers and various other industries. Oxazoline moiety constitutes the core structure of many biologically active natural compounds. Oxazoline play a major role in medicinal chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds whose containing oxazoline moiety as core structure reported wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-HIV, anti malarial, anti tumour, anti viral, anti-inflammatory, CNS stimulant activity etc. Oxazolines synthesized by the reaction of various aromatic substitutes like acids, aldehydes, nitriles, azides etc. Synthetic chemist do great work on the synthesis and application part of oxazolines. In this review we have described various synthetic methodologies and their different biological activities reported by organic synthetic...
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