Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Hydrogels are the 3 dimensional cross linked polymeric networks which absorb the water 10-20 times of its molecular weight. Hydrogels are sensitive to different environmental stimuli like pH, temperature, ion, electric signals, light, pressure, antigen specific, enzyme sensitive, and glucose levels. When the environment is get change they get swell, and swelling is the most important characteristics for release of drug through hydrogel devices, and release by either diffusion or swelling or chemically controlled. These stimuli sensitive hydrogel used in delivery of drug through various routs like oral, ophthalmic parenteral drug, nasal TDDS, and also in novel drug delivery like in nanoparticles. Now a day’s stimuli sensitive hydrogels are also used in administration of DNA. Most widely stimuli sensitive hydrogels used are pH and temperature sensitive hydrogels because in body wide pH range available so it is used for targeted drug delivery. Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors as well as drug delivery...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
In the past few years, the US Food and Drug Administration has issued more warning letters, import alert & seizure to manufacturers of finished product for violation of the current good manufacturing practice regulation. Indian and US Pharmaceutical Manufacturer’s Warning letter from the FDA’s Electronic Reading Room were selected as case study and was analyzed for non-compliance of GMP with 21 CFR 211 and inspection systems. A detailed review of selected Indian and US Pharmaceutical Manufacturer warning letters provides a numbers of useful insights into where the FDA is presently focusing, where Indian Pharmaceutical Manufacturer having lack of compliance and at where Indian Pharmaceutical Manufacturer having stringent compliance. Reviewed and analyzed letters shows that the FDA is taking a more systemic based approach to assessing GMP compliance and paying close attention to such area as the Quality System. Based on review and analysis of selected Warning letter’s deficiencies, I believe that pharmaceutical companies, by carefully assessing FDA GMP warning letters from the past year & base on this assessment...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human body (~5.4 million cells/mm3 blood in a healthy male and ~ 4.8 million cells/mm3 blood in a healthy female) having potential carrier capabilities for the delivery of drugs and drug loaded microspheres. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes are prepared simply by collecting blood samples from the organism of interest, separating erythrocytes from plasma, entrapping drug in the erythrocytes, and resealing the resultant cellular carriers. Encouraging the use of erythrocytes in drug delivery include various advantages like as remarkable degree of biocompatibility, Complete biodegradability, lack of toxic product, controllable life-span, decreasing drug side effects etc. So many drugs like aspirin, steroid, cancer drug which having many side effects are reduce by resealed erythrocyte. Biopharmaceuticals, therapeutically significant peptides and proteins, nucleic acid-based biologicals, antigens and vaccines, are among the recently focused pharmaceuticals for being delivered using carrier erythrocytes. In this review we discuss about Resealing of erythrocytes, various techniques of drug loading and it’s applications in various fields of human and veterinary...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Lycopene is a carotenoid that is present in tomatoes, processed tomato products and other fruits. It is one of the most potent antioxidants among dietary carotenoids. Dietary intake of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have been found to be inversely related to the incidence of several types of cancer, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. Although the antioxidant properties of lycopene are thought to be primarily responsible for its beneficial effects, evidence is accumulating to suggest that other mechanisms may also be involved. In this article we outline the possible mechanisms of action of lycopene and review the current understanding of its role in human health and disease...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Artemisia annua L., also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort and annual wormwood (Chinese: qngho), is a common type of wormwood that is native to temperate Asia, but naturalized throughout the world, and that belongs to the family of the Asteraceae. Currently, Artemisia annua is the source for the production of artemisinin and semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives (including dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether and arteether) that are used for the production of combination therapies for treatment of malaria (ACTs = Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy). Animal studies suggested that artemisinin and related compounds inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. However, there is no reliable evidence from clinical trials at the moment that effects from animal studies translate into benefits for cancer patients. Experiences from malaria treatment indicate a good tolerability of artemisinin-based drugs. However, there are two case reports with severe adverse effects if artemisinin-based drugs were used at higher...
Read More
