Pyrimidine nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles exhibiting remarkable pharmacological activities. The present review provides a broad view of the biological and medicinal activity possessed by compounds having pyrimidine...
Read MoreIt is well known fact that the right drug delivery system is critical to the success of a pharmaceutical product. A novel drug delivery system creates additional patient benefits that will add new competitive advantages for a drug and, thus, conserve or increase revenue. Chewing gum as drug delivery system holds tremendous potential not only in smoking cessation and oral health care arenas but also in other...
Read MoreTransdermal drug delivery is proving to be superior to the conventional oral delivery of drugs owing to its distinct virtues. But it has got its own limitations as well- inability to transport large molecules, inability to overcome the barrier properties of stratum corneum and many more. Using this route of drug delivery along with novel approaches can help to solve these problems. Formulating the drug in a transfersome is one such approach. Transferosome is an ultradeformable vesicle, elastic in nature which can squeeze itself through a pore which is many times smaller than its size owing to its elasticity. Transferosomes are made up of a phospholipids component along with a surfactant mixture. The ratios of individual surfactants and total amount of surfactants control the flexibility of the vesicle. The uniqueness of this type of drug carrier system lies in the fact that it can accommodate hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as amphiphilic drugs. These drugs find place in different places in the elastic vesicle before they get delivered beneath the...
Read MoreA hydrotrope is an organic substance that increases the solubility of surfactants and water insoluble phyto-constituents such as esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and fats in an aqueous solution. These are amphiphilic substances composed of both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups. The hydrophobic part of the molecule is benzene substituted polar segment while hydrophilic part; polar segment is an anionic sulfonate group accompanied by a counter ion (i.e., ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium). Hydrotropes, such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates and sodium butyl monoglycol sulfate, were used for the selective extraction of water insoluble phyto-constituents by cell permeabilization. Here disruption of the cellulosic cell wall and disorganization of the phospholipid bilayers by the hydrotrope molecules, then dissolution of the cellular contents, appear to be the mechanism of extraction...
Read MoreMutual prodrug is a form of prodrug in which two pharmacologically active agents are attached to each other in such a way that each drug acts as a promoiety/carrier for each other and vice versa. The association may be “synergistic” if the carrier shows the same biological action as that of parent drug or may provide “additional” benefit if it shows new pharmacological action which is lacking in parent drug. The mutual prodrug concept has shown its marked therapeutic gain in case of well-accepted and useful drugs with minor undesirable properties and in those active compounds that suffer from severe limitations, like lack of site specificity, poor bioavailability or lack of particular activity. Now a days Anticancer, cardiovascular, antiviral, antipsychotic and anti-inflammatory drugs are best utilizing the concept of mutual prodrug designing for their better effect. In this paper, we have reviewed mechanism of activation, contribution of mutual prodrug approach in different therapeutic areas and the development in this field during the last few decades including a list of...
Read More
