Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
The coronavirus is a group of families that cause respiratory problems in mammals, which consists of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), and COVID-19. The virus attaches to the ACE-2 receptor present in the epithelial cell of the lungs in the infected patients, and the infection may lead to fibrosis if not treated. The size of the genome may vary from 27-34 kilobases, which is the largest size of RNA found till now. The research was carried out to find a potential drug that could inhibit the action of coronavirus, and drugs such as Lopinavir, and Ritonavir derivatives were taken as standards. In the experiment, 21 derivatives were designed by varying substitutions in the structures of Lopinavir and Ritonavir. Further, the designed molecules were subjected to docking for analyzing the binding interactions of the derivative with the active site using the PDB: 2GTB via Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0. The docking showed that the top 09 compounds had a higher score than the marketed drugs, while...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
The transdermal delivery route is increasingly being used for drug delivery primarily because the route avoids drawbacks encountered with oral and parenteral routes of drug administration. Irbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used clinically to treat hypertension. The objective of the present study was to investigate microemulsion gel as a transdermal delivery system of irbesartan while envisaging drug bioavailability enhancement. The microemulsion based gel of irbesartan was prepared by incorporating optimized microemulsion containing 0.075% w/w of irbesartan into the gelling vehicle. The gelling vehicle was made by dispersing 2% w/w of polycarbophil in distilled water. Irbesartan-loaded microemulsion gel was characterized by droplet size and polydispersity index determinations. Physicochemical properties of irbesartan-loaded microemulsion gels were studied using reported procedures. Diffusion Franz cell was utilized for in-vitro skin permeation while an in-vivo study in rats was by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Activation energy measurement was used to assess the skin permeation mechanism. The droplet size and polydispersity of the microemulsion based gel of irbesartan were in the range of 80 –...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
The present study was aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity study and subchronic toxicity study with methanol extracts of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens on Wistar albino rats. The acute dose was administered at 2000 mg/kg body weight on 1st day and observed for 14 days, while chronic dose was given at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days. In subchronic toxicity study, hematological (Platelet count, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, MCV & MCH) and biochemical studies (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, creatinine, urea & bilirubin) were carried out from plasma and serum after completion of 90 days treatment period. During the treatment period, the rats were observed for toxicity symptoms and, in addition to mortality & bodyweight alterations, were documented. In the result of acute toxicity study, methanol extracts of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens were found to be non-toxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in hematological analysis and biochemical parameters from control groups and test animals in the subchronic toxicity study....
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
Freeze-drying is a method of removing water by sublimation of ice crystals from frozen material. Suitable parameters of process application allow us to obtain the best quality products compared to products dried with traditional methods. In the pharmaceutical field, lyophilization has become an important subject to ongoing development and its expansion. In this 21st century, Lyophilization emerges to be a novel trend for the drying of pharmaceuticals and biological those is thermolabile or are unstable in aqueous form but stable for longer periods in their dried form. This article provides an overview on the process of lyophilization, how the freeze-drying cycle is designed, discussing several important parameters which are important for an understanding of this process as well as their role in the designing of an optimized freeze-drying cycle, so that a robust and economical process of lyophilization can be developed which does not impact the product quality. This review focused on the recent advances and its targets in the near...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
Background: There is a rise in a number of diabetes mellitus patients globally, but awareness of the disease, symptoms, medication use, associated complications, and comorbidities are low among Indians. The objective of the study was to evaluate the epidemiology of diabetes, prescribing patterns, and medication adherence and the impact of patient education on diabetes in a rural community. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and community-based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected known diabetic patients by direct interview at their doorsteps using data collection form, glucometer, patient leaflet, and brief medication questionnaire. The data contained information about socio-demographic details, knowledge about the disease, medication use, adherence, lifestyle changes, complications and co-morbidities, and measurement of their random blood sugar levels before and after counseling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: There were 63% females and 37% males; the maximum number of patients was in the age group 51-60 years, and the mean age was 51.6 ± 11.1years. The most commonly used drugs were biguanides, followed by sulfonylureas. The Brief...
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