Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
Degradation studies are essential to determine the inference of degradation routes and stability of pharmaceuticals at different stress conditions. Norfloxacin is an extensively used antibiotics; hence, it is also commonly found in wastewater effluent. For proper risk assessment of norfloxacin and for better understanding of the factors involved in its environmental fate, different factors were studied which were involved in the degradation of norfloxacin. Effect on degradation was studied for three factors, i.e., time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h), temperature (30°, 45°, and 70°), and concentration of oxidant (1% H2O2, 3% H2O2, and 5% H2O2) at three different levels using Design of experiment (DoE) approach. Absorbance was selected as a response that would signify the extent of degradation of the drug. It was observed that all three factors were involved in degradation but when the factors are studied one at a time, the effect of temperature and concentration of oxidant was more significant and time has a very small effect on the degradation of norfloxacin. When multiple...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
Repaglinide, a blood-glucose-lowering drug, has low oral bioavailability (56 %) due to first-pass metabolism and shorter half-life (~1 hour) lead to frequent dosing to control blood glucose level. Repaglinide Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS) was prepared to provide continuous drug delivery for a prolonged period of time. Factors affecting critical quality attributes (CQA) of Repaglinide TTS are optimization of drug load in the adhesive matrix, selection of design, selection of permeation enhancer, matrix thickness, optimization adhesive characteristics, and optimization of delivery rate for a prolonged period of the time. In this research, the impact of critical material attributes (CMA), for example, the concentration of API and permeation enhancers, were studied on CQA like drug delivery and adhesive performance of the product using optimal full factorial design. Moreover, critical process parameters (CPP) were identified using the response surface method, and the impact of identified CPP (drying temperature) on CQA (residual solvents) was evaluated. The results of the design of the experiments study indicate a significant impact of API and permeation enhancer...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
In the development of a new drug molecule, there are many problems with respect to the dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability. Thus, formulation scientists are majorly focusing on the development of the formulation, which will increase the efficacy of the existing drugs. Oral dispersible films are one of such a novel approach. In given review article, the advantages of oral dispersible films over other oral dosage form and especially over oral dispersible tablets and their applications are discussed. In further part the major advantages regarding first-pass metabolism, disable patients, fast onset, etc., are covered. Furthermore, the overview of all the ingredients used in the formulation of fast dissolving films with the evaluation of these films is discussed in the given review article. Solvent casting, semisolid casting, hot-melt extrusion, solid dispersion extrusion, rolling are the methods which are employed, along with the evaluation parameters like thickness, tear resistance, dryness test of the prepared films are also explored in the article. This review article gives a complete overview of oral dispersible films and...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
A benzoin derivative of 2-Semicarbazono-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl]-2-[4′-methoxyphenyl] ethane (2C4MBS) was synthesized by benzoin condensation followed by addition reaction. The structure elucidation done using single XRD studies. Maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model was used in the present study to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the test drugs. MES seizures were induced by an electro convulsiometer by delivering electroshock of 60 mA current transauricularly for 0.2 sec in mice using corneal electrodes. The incidence and duration of the extensor tonus were noted. Phenotyin is used as standard, synthesized drugs of 5 and 10 mg/Kg were subjected in test animals. The duration of the tonic hind leg extension phase of MES convulsions expressed as the arithmetic mean ± SE and was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet′s ′t′ test. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and group means were compared using the Multiple Comparison test using Instat-V3 software. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Hematological and blood biochemical analyses also performed, and the results revealed...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
In this work, the molecular structure optimization, electronic properties like local chemical reactivity descriptors (Fukui function analysis for reactive site prediction), and thermodynamic properties (Heat capacity, entropy, zero points vibrational energy, thermal energy, translational, rotational and vibrational energy) of antifungal drugs were theoretically computed. In this work also, electronic structure, frontier molecular orbital energies (HOMO-LUMO gap for the chemical activity of drug), molecular electrostatic potential (useful for recognizing electrophilic and nucleophilic attack) and mulliken charge has been carried out. Atomic charges dipole moment, molecular polarizability, electronic parameter, and refractivity of molecular systems were calculated by the DFT method. The reactive site prediction and hydrogen bond interaction analysis was determined by using the Fukui function analysis. In this study, DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G and DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) methods were...
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