Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Perinatal hypoxia results in poor circulation in internal organs, causing damage to the intestinal mucosa. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of endothelial vasoconstrictor function in the formation of the intestinal mucous barrier in low-birth-weight neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We comparatively analysed the concentrations of specific intestinal protective markers, i.e., serum mucin 2 (MUC2), serum intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and faecal human β-defensin 2 (HBD2), and a marker of endothelial activity, i.e., serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), in early of postnatal life in 8 infants with moderate/severe HIE (group 1), 14 neonates with mild HIE (group 2), and 20 control infants using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Markers of intestinal mucosa activity were not differentially expressed between infants in groups 1 and 2. Mean total concentrations of ITF and HBD2 were higher in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, MUC2 concentrations were lower in infants of groups 1 and 2 than in the control infants. ET-1 expression was higher in group 2...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Incompatibility is an undesirable reaction that occurs between drugs, excipients, or with container. This may be therapeutic, chemical and physical incompatibility. Fixed dose combination provides challenge in product development due to incompatibility of two drugs. So severe degradation of drug in presence of each other. Formulation and stability difficulties arise with incompatible combination. It involves interaction between two or more substances (drug-drug, drug-excipients, drug-excipients-drug interactions) which leads to change in colour, odour, taste, viscosity, and morphology. There are various approaches to overcome incompatibility. Among which the bilayer tablet is one of the suitable approach and increasing attention from a variety of industries for various reasons viz. Therapeutic and marketing attendance with the great physical, chemical and microbial stability. The purpose of this review is to study the physical incompatibility between fixed dose combinations, to find remedies that overcome the problems in designing formulation and to select best optimised approach to reduce incompatibility issue in fixed dose...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Aim: To evaluate the antihypertensive effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. (EEPV) on high salt diet induced hypertension in male rats. Methods: Male wistar rats (180-200g) received high salt diet (8% NaCl) and 1% saline water for 6 weeks, then cannulated for dosing of Enalapril, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) in standard group and EEPV (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.v.) in test group and measured mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate with the help of Power Lab 6 Pro after 60 minutes of treatment. Results: Elevated blood pressure of the animals was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by EEPV (100 mg/kg, i.v). Enalapril, at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg, i.v. showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the elevated blood pressure. The antihypertensive activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. may be due to the action on rennin-angiotensin system. The antihypertensive activity of EEPV might also be explained by the presence of phytochemical constituents...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Flavanoids are plant secondary metabolites, synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis and green chemistry approach since, the conventional method of synthesis uses various organic solvents, hazardous by product, tedious work that requires more reaction time. Flavonoids have general structure of 15-carbon skeleton which consists of two phenyl ring (A and B) and heterocyclic pyran ring(C). Flavones are one of the important class of flavanoids acquires a broad spectrum of activity. Chalcone (1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones), is a privileged structure, demonstrating promising anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The basic moiety of flavanoids gives numerous biological activities henceforth; flavanoid and chalcone derivatives were synthesized and confirmed by physiochemical and spectral data. Biological screening was done for antibacterial especially for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal screening with using standard drug Ofloxacin and Griseofulvin respectively. Compound NKP-3, NKP-4, NKP-8a, NKP- 9a and NKP-10a are more active and other compounds are less active against bacteria and...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for the various drug molecules among all other routes of drug delivery, because ease of administration which lead to better patient compliance. So, oral extended release drug delivery system becomes a very promising approach for those drugs that are given orally but having the shorter half-life and high dosing frequency. Extended release drug delivery system which reduce the dosing frequency of certain drugs by releasing the drug slowly over an extended period of time. Oral sustained drug delivery system is complicated by limited gastric residence times (GRTs). To overcome these limitations, various approaches have been proposed to increase gastric residence of drug delivery systems in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of writing this review was to compile recent literature on pharmaceutical approaches used in enhancing the Gastric Residence Time (GRT). Enhancing the GRT may explore new potentials of stomach as drug-absorbing organ. Several approaches are currently used including Floating drug delivery system, Matrix tablet, pulsatile drug delivery,...
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