Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
The aim of this study was to prepare a suitable mucoadhesive in-situ gel formulation of clotrimazole for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. The in-situ gel-forming systems are viscous liquids that turn to a gel phase upon exposure to physiological conditions. The lower retention of conventional formulations in the vagina, mucoadhesive formulations would prolong the retention time. For this study mixture of poloxamer (Plx) 407 and 188 were used. 32 full factorial design was applied for the optimization. Selected independent variables were concentration of carbopol 974 (X1), and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E50 (X2) was added to in situ gel for improve the mucoadhesive properties of the formulation, and prolong the residence time in vaginal cavity. Selected dependent variables were viscosity (Y1) release at 1 h (Y2), release at 12 h (Y3). After the preparation of mucoadhesive in-situ gels, gelation temperature/time, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release, and in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy were determined. Based on the obtained results and according to desirability, it was found that gel prepared...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2020 in |
Antimicrobial peptides are considered as promising and potential next-generation antibiotics on account of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and unique mode of microbial killing. For therapeutic application, it is essential to consider the hemolytic or cytotoxic property of AMPs along with antimicrobial function. In the current study, an avian beta-defensin 7 (AvBD7) gene was identified from Corvus splendens. The predicted amino acid sequence showed the presence of β defensin core motif and three disulphide bridges. We analysed the interaction of wild and mutant analogues of mature Corvus AvBD7 dimer with neutral 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) that mimics mammalian membranes using molecular dynamics simulation studies. Hydrophobic residues at the N-terminus of each monomer were found to provide stability in the dimeric form. In both monomer and dimer, Asp3 and Asp4 interact with Tyr40 and Ser41 thereby helping in maintaining a claw shape at the C-terminus. During simulation, we found that the C-terminus claw region of wild dimer remained intact than its mutant analogs, and also wild AvBD7 exhibited a greater propensity...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The vertebrate immune system is composed of numerous distinct and interdependent components, and it consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. β-defensins are a group of cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides that play an antimicrobial roles in the immune systems of vertebrates. Vertebrate defensins can be classified into α-, β, and θ-defensins based on their cysteine disulphide bonding. In the present study, we report the expression level of the β-defensin- 3 in the small intestine of the zebrafish after a bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus aureus with 100% and 50% concentrations. The results revealed that the β-defensin-3 was highly upregulated in both 100% and 50% concentration of the bacterial pathogen, and it plays an important role in the innate and mucosal immunity in...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Zinc oxide-magnesium has been used in dentistry with limitations especially related to its high acidity and low biocompatibility. The objective of this study was to develop cement based on nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), chitosan as more biocompatibility agents to increase zinc oxide-magnesium cito-compatibility. The formulations prepared were: 1. Complete cement (HCP) with nHA, zinc oxide-magnesium, and chitosan; 2. cement without nHA (CP); 3. Without chitosan (HP); 4. Without zinc oxide-magnesium (HC), and CPZn as control. All cement were compared for setting times, solubility, contact angle, pH, calcium ion release, shear strength, the thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, 3T3-L1 fibroblasts cell compatibility, and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that HCP cement had setting time (mean ± S.D) of 5.5 ± 0.18 min, (p≥0.05) and neutral pH values on 14 days, calcium release of 10 mgL-1, and solubility with a value of 2.15%. The physicochemical characterization showed an expected pattern from the raw materials and composition. The values of the contact angle measurements indicated increased wettability for the HCP than the control...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which acquires resistance to antibiotics such as carbapenems and cefepime. Information regarding (NDM-1) gene producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa is available, but data regarding their degree of infection and percentage in hospital settings are scarce. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the occurrence of blaNDM-1 gene among clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 126 isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and MBL production. In the present study it was found that majority of isolates (39.7%) were resistant to imipenem followed by ertapenem (35.9%) and doripenem (24.3%). A total of 31/78 (39.7%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were resistant to one or both carbapenems (imipenem and ertapenem) used in the screening test. Out of 78 isolates, 27 (34.6%) and 25 (32.1%) isolates were MHT positive and MBL producers by Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and MBL E-Strip test respectively and Out of 25 MBL positive...
Read More
