Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2011 in |
The ethanolic extract of whole plant of Coriandrum sativum Linn., family: Umbelliferae, was assessed for its possible analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and gums. In acetic acid induced writhing in mice, the ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.001 & p<0.001) inhibition of writhing reflex 62.12% and 72.73% respectively compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The extract showed a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) antidiarrhoeal activity against castor oil induce diarrhea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight. The ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the extract showed cytotoxicity significantly with LC50 40 μg/ml which was comparable to that of standard drug Chloramphenicol (LC50 20 μg/ml). All the results tend to justify the traditional uses of the plant and require further investigation...
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2011 in |
The in vitro activity of the petroleum ether extract of fruit part of Phyllanthus acidus was tested for cytotoxic antibacterial and antioxidant activities as well as for phytochemical screening. The plant was collected from Savar, Dhaka. Phytochemical screening of petroleum extract of phyllanthus acidus revealed the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside and steroid. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method against thirteen pathogenic bacteria and the cytotoxic activity was performed by brine shrimp lethality bio-assay method. The higher concentrations showed antimicrobial activity against a number of bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium. In brine shrimp lethality bio-assay, the LC50 value was 3.12. The phenolics contents was 159.601 mg/g GAE and the amount of flavonoid was 24.183 mg/g of quercetin equivalent. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Phyllanthus acidus was found to slight increase with increasing concentration of the extract and IC50 value showed 1192.263 µg mL−1 for plant extract compared to 13.37 µg mL−1 which was the IC50 value...
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2011 in |
The antimicrobial effects of selected medicinal plants commonly used by herbal practitioners in central province Kenya was evaluated on different bacterial strains- Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +ve cocci) – ATCC 20591, Salmonella typhi (Gram –ve rod) – ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli (Gram-ve rod) – STD. 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolate) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Gram-ve rod) – ATCC 25852. Also Candida albicans ATCC EK138 was used as a fungal isolate. Methanol was used as the only solvent in the extraction. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The most susceptible Gram-positive bacteria was S. aureus (between 19.33-23.33mm), while the most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria was P. aeruginosa (14.66-19.33mm). All the extracts showed sufficient inhibitory activity to the test strains. The Gram positive strain (S. aureus) was more sensitive to the extracts (range 23.33-19.33mm) than the Gram negative strains (range 21.00-14.66mm). The mean inhibition value was between 15.997mm and 19.995mm. Statistical analysis revealed that Hyptis spicigera and Crotalaria quartiniana produced significantly different (P≤0.05) zones of inhibition in all...
Read More
Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
The aqueous, methanolic and saponin extracts of Zizyphus mauritiana barks has been screened for antimicrobial activities against some human vaginal pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus facecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter faecalis, Enterobacter faecium and Proteus mirabilis isolated from patient samples. Extracts were found to produce significant inhibition against all the pathogens. Saponin extract were observed to be more active than methanolic and aqueous fraction. Extracts are found to be more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli...
Read More
Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Although there are many studies on antimicrobial activities of different plants, there is no report on antibacterial activity of Pterospermum acerifolium (Sterculiaceae). Therefore, a microbiological study was conducted to detect antibacterial activity of P. acerifolium. Successive ethanolic extract of bark of P. acerifolium were fractionated with hexane, butanol, methanol and water. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested by using agar cup and minimum inhibitory concentration method against S. aureus, B. lichenoformis, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. florescence, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium. Although all five extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against test bacterial species, yet maximum activity was observed in butanol extract. S. aureus was the most sensitive strain. MIC values for most of the extracts ranged from 0.312 to 5.0 mg/ml; while the least MBC value was observed at 2.5 mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, tannin and phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroid & sterols and triterpenoids in different extracts. This could justify their use in treatment of microbial infections in man and livestock....
Read More
