Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Background: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing global problem. The extent and burden of MDR-TB varies significantly from country to country. Survival of MDR-TB treatment is not described in Ethiopia. Therefore, examining a cohort who received second-line therapy for MDR-TB to determine overall survival has a great importance. Objectives: To assess survival and predictors of mortality among patients under MDR-TB treatment in Ethiopia: St Peter’s specialized TB Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted from Oct, 2011 – May, 2012 among cohorts of MDR-TB patients in St. Peter’s specialized TB hospital that starts treatment from February 2009. Data were collected using checklist from 188 patients’ record that is determined and analyzed using the STATA Statistical package, Version 11.0. Risk was estimated for the entire follow-up time corresponding to each event occurrence using Kaplan-Meier method and the covariates are fitted to Cox proportional hazard regression model. Result: The 188 patients were followed for a total of 79,600 person-days. Median follow up time was 466.5 days...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Background: Oxystelma esculentum is used traditionally as diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective and anti-ulcer. Objectives: The present work deals with the isolation and structure elucidation of Epicatechin from O. esculentum. Methods: Methanolic extract of the entire plant of O. esculentum was subjected to pilot TLC experiments and column chromatography. Results: This yielded a pure, white compound which resolved at Rf 0.3 on TLC plate using the mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate (5:4) when developed in iodine chamber. This compound was subjected to UV, IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis and its structure elucidation revealed it to be Epicatechin. Conclusion: This compound has been reported for the first time in this plant and can serve as a useful tool in its...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Lamivudine, a BCS Class I synthetic nucleoside analogue, has a a short biological half-life of 5–7 and is mainly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the study is to develop a controlled release floating tablets of lamivudine employing HPMC K4M and sodium alginate. The floating tablets of lamivudine were prepared employing HPMC K4M and sodium alginate as matrix formers and sodium bicarbonate as an effervescent agent. The tablets formulated were evaluated for tablet weight variation, drug content uniformity, hardness, friability, floating behaviour and in-vitro drug release. All the formulations fulfilled the official requirements for tablet weight variation, drug content uniformity, hardness and friability. Tablets formulated by using a combination of HPMC K4M/sodium alginate and HPMC K4M alone gave a lesser floating lag time when compared with tablet formulated with sodium alginate alone. All the tablets were found to remain buoyant in 0.1N HCl for a period >24h. The drug release from the prepared tablets was found to be diffusion controlled and followed first order kinetics. Non-Fickian...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Diclofenac Potassium, a sparingly soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was taken as candidate for decreasing the onset of action time and increasing its bioavailability by overcoming its first pass metabolism. Diclofenac Potassium orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations were developed using lyophilization technique. The freeze dried tablet formulations were prepared by freeze-drying an aqueous solution of Diclofenac Potassium, matrix former, filler, and an anti-collapse. The tablets were evaluated from both compendial and non-compendial criteria (i.e. uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, friability, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution, wetting time, in vivo disintegration time, moisture analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The best formula results showed that lyophilized ODT disintegrated within few seconds and showed significantly faster in-vitro dissolution rate of Diclofenac Potassium in comparison with commercially available immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam®). The in-vivo evaluation for the best formulation (LD#11) was performed in comparison with the immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam® 50 mg). A randomized crossover design was adopted in the comparative bioavailability study and was...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2012 in |
Objectives: To assess the effect of unripe dried banana powder in experimentally induced gastric ulcers and effect on gastric acid secretion. To evaluate the antiulcerogenic effect of plantain banana of Gujarat as a part of evaluation of impact of biological variables on this activity. Results: Orally administered banana powder in the dose of 2gm/kg caused a statistically significant decrease in aspirin with pyloric ligation induced ulcers in rats without significantly decrease in secretary activity.Materials and methods: Total of 24 albino rats of either sex weighing between 150-250 gm were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group has 6 no. of rats. The first group received placebo (distilled water), the second, third & forth group received 0.5gm/kg, 1gm/kg and 2mg/kg of banana powder respectively. Banana powder was given as suspension at fixed time (3 times in a day) for two days and animals were kept for fasting for another 48hrs. On 5th day, the animals were sacrificed after 7 hrs and stomach were removed for examination and gastric juice samples...
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