Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens on blood coagulation was investigated in order to verify the claim that the said extract can be used to manage bleeding. This was done by examining the effect of the extract on bleeding time, the effect of graded amounts of the extract on clotting time as well as the effect of the heat-treated extract on bleeding time. These were performed using the Duke method, the Lee and white method and an adaptation of the Duke method to the heated extract respectively. In the bleeding time experiment, the mean bleeding time without adding the extract (control) was found to be 2.49 + 0.02 minutes and the mean bleeding time upon addition of the extract was 1.40 + 0.16 minutes thus achieving a 57% decrease in normal bleeding time. When graded amounts of the extract was used for the clotting time experiment and the result analysed by a correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient (r) was -0.99, indicating the existence of an almost...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Treatment ofcancer painis mainly based on the use of opioidanalgesics.This study includes opioids commonly used in Polish clinical practice, such as: dihydrocodeine, tramadol, buprenorphine, morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone and methadone. The purpose of our research is performing a quality assessment of the available clinical trials concerning opioids efficacy and an evaluation of the cause of the limited quantity of systematic reviews in form of meta-analysis. The quality of methodology used in included trials was assessed by Jadad scale. The following databases was searched: Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library and websites of agencies included in INAHTA (The International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment in Heath). A wide variety of drug dose, dosage forms, routs of administration and pain measuring scales resulted an impossibility of performing a meta-analysis comparing opioids in terms of their effectiveness. Collected studies were assessed for analgesic effect and side effects of opioids therapeutic use, refer to other drugs and depending on doses, frequency of administration, dosage forms (modified/immediate release). The analysis of safety was performed by...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
The mouth of human body provides non-shedding surfaces (teeth) for natural microbial colonization. This can result in the accumulation of large masses of bacteria and their products at stagnant sites. Dental plaque, Periodontitis and gingivitis are some of this type of conditions, which can develop due to microbial accumulation on teeth and Infections of throat leading to tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sour throat etc. Chlorhexidine is widely used antimicrobial drug in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis and Flurbiprofen is used as anti-inflammatory drug to reduce pain and inflammation. Lozenges are designed to deliver medications directly to the mucus membranes of the mouth and oropharengial cavity by dissolving slowly when placed between the tongue and gums. Lozenges provide maximum amount of local action thus Chlorhexidine and Flurbiprofen are formulated as lozenges to provide local antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action. The candy based lozenges were prepared by heat and congealing method by sugar as lozenge base, HPC, HPMC as polymers, citric acid artificial flavours and colours and other essential excipients. Some...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Each company is expected to develop specifications for their products to be accommodated with the inspection guide of pharmaceutical quality control. After product analysis for (X) pharmaceutical company it was noticed that 84.5% of defects were attributed to tablet department while 14.1% and 1.4% for ampoule and syrup departments respectively so it was valuable to solve the tablet department problems. Data was collected for three months for two types of tablets which were analgesic tablet (AT) and digestive enzyme tablet (D.E.T). D.E.T was chosen for further study due to its high percent of defect. By using six sigma methodology to analyze the collected data it was found that the major problem was in tablet microbiological test 85.9% rather than the physical problem 14.1%. D.E.T was subjected to study the variables affecting the bacterial count like raw material, process environment and microbiological analysis accuracy. It was found 66.7 of the problem caused by the variation in process environment. By using factorial design for three variables it revealed that the cleaning...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of Snake venom (SV), bee venom (BV), combinations of their components and their apoptotic, cell death mechanisms in liver (HepG2) and breast (MCF7) cell lines. Cytotoxic effects of venoms, L-Amino acid oxidase (svLAAO), phospholipase A2(svPLA2), Melittin ( MEL) were tested against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines and IC50 was calculated . mRNA expression of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. All the tested compounds had anti proliferative effects on the tumor cell lines with different potency. BV had a higher cytotoxicity against liver and breast cells (IC50=1.26 and 2.85 µg/ml) than SV (IC50=5.86, 13.05µg /ml). The cytotoxicity of svLAAO was much higher than SV with IC50 = 3.65 and 0.48 µg /ml. MEL showed a higher cytotoxic effect than BV against MCF7 cells (IC50=1.14 µg /ml). MEL when combined with svPLA2 gave a synergistic effect on the expression of P53 and Bax in the two cancer cells. Venoms combination had the least synergistic effect relative to other combinations. From...
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