Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Efavirenz is a crystalline lipophilic solid with a low aqueous solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate. It is classified in class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, which means it is poorly water-soluble and highly permeable. Spray drying is a widely used manufacturing process wich uses the aerosol phase to dry particles. By modifying the spray drying operation parameters, it is possible to control the properties of spray dried particles towards enhancement of drug bioavailability and delivery. Most studies use organic solvents but some of them have already been prepared as water based systems. We propose the use of water as solvent, since the use of organic solvents is increasingly contraindicated in pharmaceutical industry. The use of water, normally do not generate amorphous systems for low soluble drugs, increasing wettability and drug dissolution, do not leading to stability concerns. The results obtained demonstrate that co-spray-drying of EFV:SLS and EFV:PVP samples is an effective technique in the enhancement of efavirenz dissolution, in a process industrially viable. Different from results previously obtained...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Crude extract from the leaves of Hedera colchica (C. Koch) C. Koch proved to have an antiulcer activity in pharmacological experiences. Hederacolchisid F (HCF) is being the chemical marker of this plant, a simple and reliable HPLC method is developed for the quantitative evaluation of the extract using this compound. The chromatographic separation was achieved using an Eclipse XDB-Phenyl column C-18 (4.6 x 250 mm; 5 mm). The UV detection is performed at 205 nm. All separations were realized at 20°C. The proposed HPLC method is linear in the range studied (r2> 0.999) for all the analytes. The method is precise with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 1.03%. Precision, sensitivity and linearity are satisfactory in the range studied. Accuracy 99,8±0,9%. The developed HPLC method can be used for the quality control of crude extract from the leaves of Hedera...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
The study was carried out to investigate the essential oil composition and antibacterial effects of Eugenia cotinifolia ssp. codyensis leaves. The fresh leaf essential oil was extracted hydrodistillation process using Clevanger apparatus. The compounds of the essential oil were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique identified a total of 84 numbers of chemical constituents and resulted 99.99%. The essential oil was characterized by high content of sesquiterpene compounds (79.23%) and the major constituent being Germacrene D (17.95%). The leaf oil exhibited higher antibacterial effects against gram negative bacteria compare to gram positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the oil against the organism ranged between 0.25 – 0.75 mg/ml and 0.5 – 2.5 mg/ml respectively. The essential oil exhibited maximum inhibition at 0.25 mg/ml against Proteus vulgaris and the same inhibited Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at 0.75 mg/ml. The result of essential oil chemical constituents and antibacterial activity showed useful for preparation of commercial...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal potential of trypsin inhibitors (AMTI-I and AMTI-II) isolated from the seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus on selected pathogenic fungal strains. The purified inhibitors have been found to be homogenous by the criteria of native PAGE and gel filtration with apparent molecular weights of 22.4kDa and 21.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. While both the inhibitors were strongly active against bovine trypsin, they showed moderate effect on porcine elastase. AMTI-I and AMTI-II significantly affected the growth of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Asperigillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Asperigillus niger with notable zones of inhibition. The inhibitors, however, did not show any inhibitory effect on the growth of other fungal strains- Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternate, Mucor indicus and Penicillium chrysogenum. The fungicides, Flucanazole and Ketoconazole were used as positive controls in this study. Results obtained suggest that AMTI-I and AMTI-II may be regarded as excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae) is used as traditional medicine in India for various liver related disorders. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of leaf extract on N- nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity, which is commonly present in foods, beverages, tobacco smoke, herbicides, pesticides, drinking water, and industrial pollution. The leaves were sorted as per their size (short, medium, large) and subjected to extraction with ethanol, water and ethanol: water (1:1 w/w) by cold maceration and hot soxlation. The extract having the highest extractive value 80.7%w/w was selected for animal studies. Group I, II, III, served as control, toxic and standard. Group IV and V were post treatment receiving 400 mg/kg body weight and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively and group VI as pre treatment group receiving 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract before the induction of toxicity. The level of serum markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly suppressed (P<0.0001) in both the groups receiving 400 mg/kg body weight and 800 mg/kg body...
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