Posted by admin on Mar 30, 2015 in |
Ailanthus excelsa leaves were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates obtained from patients with eye and skin infections and also for its antioxidant potential. The bacterial isolates obtained were identified to be S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and the fungal isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium. The extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition against A. niger followed by P. aeruginosa. But it did not exhibit any inhibitory activity against S. aureus. There was a remarkable inhibitory activity recorded against E. coli and Penicillium. The extracts were found to possess 0.7954 µg/g of total Tannins and 1.41µg/g of total Phenols. The extract also exhibited 12.5% radical scavenging activity in FRAP assay and 8.5% activity in CUPRAC...
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Posted by admin on Mar 30, 2015 in |
Poor water solubility is characterized by low dissolution rate and consequently reduced bioavailability. Formulation of solid dispersion has attracted considerable interest where dispersing a poorly water soluble drug in a water soluble polymer matrix improves the dissolution characteristics and bioavailability of the drug. The aim of the present study was to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poor water soluble drug Ibuprofen (BCS class II) using solid dispersion techniques. Ibuprofen solid dispersion was prepared by melt dispersion and solvent evaporation method. Drug-carrier physical mixtures were also prepared to compare the dissolution characteristics. Effects of different polymer i.e. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k12, Poloxamer 407, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 were studied for solid dispersion and physical mixture. Solid dispersions were investigated for Drug content, dissolution characteristics, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. All the solid dispersions showed better dissolution rate than physical mixtures. Solid dispersion of Ibuprofen containing PEG 6000 in combination with Poloxamer 407 at the ratio of 1:1:1 prepared...
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Posted by admin on Mar 30, 2015 in |
Over the years, significant advances in the manufacturing processes of oral solid dosage forms have occurred, including the transition from tablet preparation by wet granulation to direct compression. The development of various added functionality excipients (AFEs), which are used to achieve formulations with desired end-effects, is equally important. The majority of excipients used in the manufacture of solid oral dosage forms have existed for the past two to three decades, many of them continue to be used today for large-scale tablet and capsule manufacturing. Excipients also influence the safety and effectiveness of drugs depending on the route of administration. The qualitative and quantitative understanding of the excipient’s composition is critically important to understand the bioavailability and bioequivalence of the dosage forms. In the case of orally administered dosage forms, excipients can affect safety and effectiveness outcomes by promoting or delaying gastrointestinal...
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Posted by admin on Mar 30, 2015 in |
We identified genes in Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora (Fouquieriaceae) that were expressed due to water deficits. RNA was extracted from dehydrated stem samples that were collected directly from Camargo, Querétaro following hydration for two weeks. The plants were grown in two states, drought and hydrated. We then performed subtractive hybridization. The obtained sequences were inserted into a plasmid and sequenced. Analyses were performed using the Blastx and Expasy ScanProsite database. These results revealed the expression of genes that corresponded to the RNA polymerase II β-subunit of chloroplast, rpoC2; the cell binding site known as tripeptide RGD; catalase; and chitinase class I and III. These expressed genes are important because they are involved in the response to oxidative stress and the defense response and development in Fouquieria splendens ssp....
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Posted by admin on Mar 30, 2015 in |
The aim of this study was to determine principle phytochemical classes and total phenolic contents and to investigate antioxidant, anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of Crataeva nurvala leaves. Standard test methodology suitable for each chemical class was followed to screen out major chemical classes preliminarily. The total phenolic content of ethanolic leaf extract was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total reducing power test were carried out to investigate the antioxidant capacity. The conventional earthworm method and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test were also performed to assess anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extract showed the presence of significant amount of flavonoids and steroids along with other phyto-constituents in minor amount. Folin-Ciocalteu assay showed that 45.53 mg gallic acid equivalent was present per gram of the dried extract of the leaf. Leaf extract exhibited noticeable antioxidant activity in both of the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the total reducing power test where ascorbic...
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