Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2015 in |
Cancer is a class of disease, where the cells uncontrollably divide without any control over cell cycle and cell division. Various factors contribute to cause of cancer in many ways. Ultimately the cancer cell proliferates without control over cell cycle. Many factors involve in cell cycle amongst that one of the ideal target is Cyclin D1 which couples with cyclin dependent kinase 4, phosphorylates it and this complex promotes cell cycle to next phase. It has been proven that Cyclin D1 inhibition can prevent the progress of many cancers, particularly the breast cancer. So, in the present study Cyclin D1 is exclusively considered as a potent target and by using various commercial softwares and on line tools and databases a couple of drugs have been designed to bind to and inhibit Cyclin D1 and prevent the progress of cell cycle in cancerous cells, and all the designed molecules are evaluated for its pharmacokinetic properties, toxicities, potencies, pharmacophore and lastly its binding ability with the target has been studied and...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Phospholipase A2 is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acyl bond of phospholipids, liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. These enzymes are found in mammalian tissues, insects, reptiles, urochordates, invertebrates and echinoderms. Some of the PLA2 are toxic in nature. Venom from snakes and insects is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA2. In this study, Phylogenetic relationship of Phospholipase A2 were compared, tertiary &secondary structures of PLA2 in different species like Apismellifera, Najaatra, Varanusscalaris, Asterinapectinifera, Mesobuthustumulus, Rophilemanomadica were...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Objective: Antibiotics resistance patterns for many bacteria have changed significantly; causing poor clinical outcomes. The objective of the study was to measure the susceptibility of different antibiotics against specific clinical isolates for surveillance purpose. Method: Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of four antibiotics (commercially available disc) i.e., Amoxicillin, Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin against different clinical isolates collected from various hospitals. The clinical isolates selected for the proposed study were of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. This collection of antibiotics and isolates were due to common pathogens and highly prescribed Oral antibiotics. Result: Results show that amoxicillin and cefixime are highly resistant; cefixime is sensitive against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus Pneumoniae but 50 % resistant to the microbes. In quinolones, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have good sensitivity; Levofloxacin is a better choice against aforementioned pathogens. Conclusion: It was concluded that bacterial resistance rates vary among species and also from hospital to hospital. Irrational uses of antibiotics cause...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Nystatin, an antifungal drug for mucosal infections has a large dosing frequency and is rapidly inactivated by acids. In order to increase drug stability and reduce dosing frequency and reduce dosing frequency and gastric irritation, formulation into inert lipid matrices as solid lipid microparticles may be utilized. The formulations were done from Shea butter extract using either Tween 20 or Tween 65. The mixture was homogenized in each case to enable the incorporation of drug into solid lipid microparticles. The properties of the microparticles were evaluated by determination of size, percentage recovery, encapsulation efficiency and drug release in simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes). The antimicrobial activities of the microparticles were then investigated by the agar-diffusion inhibition zone diameter method against Candida albicans, using pure nystatin dispersed in DMSO as a control. Micron-sized particles with a narrow size distribution were obtained. Though drug encapsulation efficiency and loading were very low, good activity was exhibited against the test organism, in vitro. The antimicrobial activity and release profile obtained with Batch A...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Methanolic extract of leaves and seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica was appraised individually to investigate the cytotoxic activity and CNS depressant activity of the leaf extract was observed adopting both open field test and hole cross test. Phytochemical screening with the leaf extract only, suggested the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay indicated significant cytotoxicity for both methanolic leaf and seed extract dissolved in DMSO (LC50 value 0.571 µg/ml and 0.466 µg/ml respectively) while LC50 value obtained by the standard, Vincristine Sulphate was 0.348 µg/ml. Neuropharmacological experimental models in mice by hole cross and open field test indicated convincing CNS depressing activity of the leaf extract on Swiss albino mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight whereas positive control Diazepam was used at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight. The validation of anxiety was carried out by measuring external signs, through hole-cross tests. Dose dependant activity was also identified by all the performed pharmacological investigations....
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