Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Nystatin, an antifungal drug for mucosal infections has a large dosing frequency and is rapidly inactivated by acids. In order to increase drug stability and reduce dosing frequency and reduce dosing frequency and gastric irritation, formulation into inert lipid matrices as solid lipid microparticles may be utilized. The formulations were done from Shea butter extract using either Tween 20 or Tween 65. The mixture was homogenized in each case to enable the incorporation of drug into solid lipid microparticles. The properties of the microparticles were evaluated by determination of size, percentage recovery, encapsulation efficiency and drug release in simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes). The antimicrobial activities of the microparticles were then investigated by the agar-diffusion inhibition zone diameter method against Candida albicans, using pure nystatin dispersed in DMSO as a control. Micron-sized particles with a narrow size distribution were obtained. Though drug encapsulation efficiency and loading were very low, good activity was exhibited against the test organism, in vitro. The antimicrobial activity and release profile obtained with Batch A...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Methanolic extract of leaves and seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica was appraised individually to investigate the cytotoxic activity and CNS depressant activity of the leaf extract was observed adopting both open field test and hole cross test. Phytochemical screening with the leaf extract only, suggested the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay indicated significant cytotoxicity for both methanolic leaf and seed extract dissolved in DMSO (LC50 value 0.571 µg/ml and 0.466 µg/ml respectively) while LC50 value obtained by the standard, Vincristine Sulphate was 0.348 µg/ml. Neuropharmacological experimental models in mice by hole cross and open field test indicated convincing CNS depressing activity of the leaf extract on Swiss albino mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight whereas positive control Diazepam was used at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight. The validation of anxiety was carried out by measuring external signs, through hole-cross tests. Dose dependant activity was also identified by all the performed pharmacological investigations....
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Objective: The self-medication phenomenon is one of the acute health problems particularly in women and as encountering a sensitive period such as pregnancy is of critical importance. The present study has been conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of this phenomenon in the pregnant women in the city of Ahwaz, located in the west south of Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study 801 pregnant Women referring to seven health centers in Southern of Iran were selected randomly based on the family (medical) file number and by proportional distribution to each center as a research unit and semi-structured questionnaires were completed through interviews. The data were analyzed by Chi square test and logistic regression. Results: The findingsshowed that 30.6% of etweender the age of 25. self-medicationwomen use self-medication showed 30.6% self-medication in pregnant women. The most frequent group were those under the age of 25. Most frequent self-medication cases belonged to the age group less than 25 years.The most common self-medication cases were digestive disorders. There was a significant relation between...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause stem bark (Anacardiaceae) is used to treat anaemia, malaria, infections and Burili ulcer. The antioxidant, antihelmintic and trypanocidal properties have been demonstrated using appropriate in vitro and in vivo assays. But the effective doses have demonstrated toxic effects such as a significant decrease of body weight of the experimental animals. This work aimed to evaluate the 60 days repeated-dose toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract from Lannea kerstingii stem bark. After 60 days administration, L. kerstingii induced 50% of rats death; accumulation of gas in the digestive tract and a significant decrease of rats body weight. The determination of the toxic mechanism has shown that L. kerstingii decreased the daily food intake and the intestinal motility. The decrease of the intestinal motility by I.P. administration was higher than by P.O. administration. Naloxone, inhibited the effect of L. kerstingii on the intestinal motility. L. kerstingii stem bark hydroalcoholic extract possess a significant inhibition effect on ileum contraction. Therefore it can be toxic in prolonged use at...
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Posted by admin on Jan 30, 2015 in |
The association between chronic bronchitis and cataract is debating. While some referred it to the corticosteroid therapy commonly prescribed to bronchitis, other named different immunological pathways that may be involved in this relationship. We tried to find out the possible immunological benefit of phosphodiesterase IV inhibition in these two common associated conditions. The rats were divided into 4 groups; I: control , II: Selenium (Se), III: roliprampretreated and IV: rolipram post treated groups. Lenses and lung tissues were collected by the end of 2nd week. Upper lobe of right lungs was used to calculate the wet/dry ratios. Histological examinations using H&E, Malloryʼs trichrome, Proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and nuclear factor (NF) Kappa B immunohistochemistry study of the lung were done. Scanning electron microscope and H&E studies of lenses were performed. The lung showed significant (P<0.05) elevation of wet/dry ratios with Se administration. There was infiltration by inflammatory cells, congested blood vessels with thickened wall, collagen fibers were increased (P<0.05) with intense NF-Kappa B immuno-reaction. Moreover, there was increase...
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