Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Many of the plants used to treat certain diseases because they have shown antimicrobial activity. In this case, many studies have conducted on antimicrobial activity of Artemisia annua. The crude extracts obtained from Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) were investigated for their antibacterial activity by using agar well diffusion assays against three bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi). The purpose of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, and hexane extracts of Artemisia annua during different flowering stages. The zone of inhibition was calculated. Results indicate that the different concentrations of various extracts under study exhibit antimicrobial activity among different microorganisms. When compared to three organic solvents ethanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition. Results proved that the parts of Artemisia annua might be potential sources of new antibacterial agents. At post flowering stages of the plant, the maximum zone of inhibition was observed when compared to the pre-flowering stage of the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Aim: H1 Antihistamines are classified into the first generation and second generation agents. The main differences between the first and second generations of drugs are their propensity to cause central nervous system (CNS) side effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to analyze the effects of different H1 antihistamines (first and second generation) on CNS using different animal experimental models. Materials and Methods: H1 antihistamines such as pheniramine maleate (3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg), cetirizine (0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg), levocetirizine (0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg), loratadine (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg) and desloratadine (0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg) are evaluated and compared for their effects on CNS using experimental animal model (Pentobarbitone sleeping time, spontaneous motor activity, motor coordination) in Swiss albino mice. Results and Discussion: Desloratadine (0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg) and loratadine (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg) did not produce significant (P<0.05) effect on sleeping time when compared to control. At 120 min time interval after treatment with cetirizine (1.2 mg/kg) and levocetirizine (1.2 mg/kg) was shown a reduction in locomotor activity and...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
A simple, accurate, precise RP-HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of Rizatriptan Benzoate. Good chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic mode with Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate as buffer (pH 3.5): Acetonitrile (80:20), as the mobile phase with Zorbax SB phenyl column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 µ particle size) as stationary phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at ambient temperature. Quantification was attained with UV detection at a wavelength of 255 nm. The retention time for Benzoate and Rizatriptan was 3.85 minutes and 4.32 minutes, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of 5 – 25 μg/ml. The developed method was effectively applied to formulated fast disintegrated sublingual tablets of Rizatriptan Benzoate, and the % assay of the drug was found to be 96.4%. This method was statistically validated for the determination of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, range, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification and system suitability according to ICH...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Cabbage is an important vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family consumed all over the world and regularly used in our day to day life. It contains potentially health-promoting flavonoid compounds such as quercetin. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites that are synthesized via the shikimate pathway. In this study, extraction yield of quercetin from cabbage by application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was studied with three different methanol: water mixture ratios; 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20, (v/v) for 30, 40 and 60 min. Effect of ultrasound was observed, and the presence of methanol in the solvent also improved greatly the extraction process. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been an important tool for the separation of these metabolites in the last 4 decades. Quercetin contents of the samples were determined by HPLC method. It was determined that the most efficient application for extracting samples under sonication by 60:40 methanol/water (v/v) at 30 °C for a 40 min run (1378. 9...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Measurement of ultrasonic velocity in non-aqueous solution gives information about the behavior of solution such as molecular association and disassociation. The attraction and repulsion between the molecules of the components involved show considerable effect upon the physical and chemical properties of a solution such as density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity. The ultrasonic velocity data combined with density and viscosity provides the standard means for determining the acoustical parameters and internal pressure, free volume. The Specific acoustic impendence in solutions can be used as a tool to estimate the strength of intermolecular attraction. Internal pressure (πi) and free volume (Vf) are the transport properties, which are useful in understanding the intra and intermolecular interactions. Internal pressure gives an idea of the solubility characteristics. Sulphanilamide is a parent compound and also the potent antibiotic which is important in urinary tract infections and meningococcal meningitis profilaxes 1. Another sample Sulphadiazine is the Sulphonamide potent antibiotic, and it is a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate...
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