Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Background: Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is on the rise and this is causing serious complications resulting in increased morbidity and mortality of bacterial infections. There is a need for new antimicrobial molecules in order to fight against Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms. The Mediterranean area is rich in a variety of medicinal plants and this may represent a potential for new compounds and molecules with enhanced antibacterial activity. Methods: The antimicrobial effects of three traditionally used Lebanese plants were investigated against 24 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with different phenotypes of resistance. Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum rhaponticum, and Origanum majorana where extracted with ethanol, then further subfractionated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The remaining aqueous fraction was also collected, thus a total of five extracts were studied for each plant. The MIC and MBC of these extracts were determined using the micro-dilution technique. Results: Rosmarinus officinalis was the most effective against most of the strains studied including MRSA, QS, QR, MS and MR. The ethyl acetate fraction of Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Delonix elata bark was collected, authenticated, dried, coarse-finely powdered and extracted using 70% alcohol and subjected for preliminary phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and flavonoidal contents were determined using UV/ visible spectrophotometer. In addition the silica column chromatographic separation was carried out to separate the phytochemicals of D. elata bark extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed positive tests for saponins, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates in the alcoholic extract of Delonix elata bark. When the extract was analyzed quantitatively by UV/ visible spectrophotometer, 75 mg/gm of gallic acid equivalent total phenolics and 57.4 mg/gm of rutin equivalent flavonoids were observed.Two phenolic compounds, caffeic acid and apigenin, were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the alcoholic extract of the Delonix elata bark. Moreover, HPLC method was employed to analyze the isolated phytoconstituents i.e. caffeic acid and apigenin present in the fraction of alcoholic extract of D. elata bark which showed the similar Rt of separated constituents. The present study reveals the presence of flavonoids in D. elata bark as evidenced by the phytochemical screening, and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
In Catharanthus roseus, Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempferol are the most important phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. For simultaneous determination of Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempferol in Catharanthus roseus a simple and rapid HPLC method was developed. Phosphate buffer (pH=5.8) and solvent Acetonitrile are used in ratio of 55: 45 as mobile phase. Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempferol were determined by HPLC by using Athena C18 column and UV absorbance were measured at 254 nm. Retention time (Rt) of standards, Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempferol was found to be 2.357, 6.093 and 9.373 respectively, while in Catharanthus roseus the Retention times of Rutin, Quercetin and Kaempferol are 2.403, 6.143 and 8.903 are found to be matching with standards Retention time values. Thus for quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds, this HPLC method was found to be simple and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
The choice of an antibiotic depends solely on the identification of the species by determination of the sensitivity characteristics of the microorganism. Along with the determination of sensitivity pattern, understanding the susceptibility pattern of particular strain isolated from patient is equally important. Variation in patient and microorganism is known to be key factor for predicting the outcome for individual patient and establishing targets for clinical susceptibility. Dosage adjustment in relation to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of drug, taking into account underlying pathogen might affect the therapeutic response and hence improve clinical outcome of patient. Therefore, E coli positive urine cultures of patients who were prescribed Ciprofloxacin were collected and their MIC was determined by agar well diffusion method. The response of patient was obtained by direct interview with them after 3 days of Ciprofloxacin therapy. There is a direct correlation between MIC and therapeutic outcome of antibiotic therapy. The clinical success rate increases when MIC is <1mg/l whereas, patient becomes non respondent as MIC approaches to >4mg/l which can...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Opportunity is envisaged by some astute pharmaceuticals manufacturers to increase product portfolio and widen the spectrum of treatment of pains to cover analgesia, pyrexia and inflammation using one product. In this research work, paracetamol – ibuprofen combination tablet was designed and formulated, developed and profiled to address this anticipation thus satisfying the requirement of one product fits 3 health challenges. As a consequence of adoption of wet granulation method, granules of acceptable quality profiles were developed and processed and subsequently culminated in production of tablets that met all required critical quality attributes as defined in quality target product profile. Characterization of both granules and tablets showed results that reassured that the requirements of fitness for purpose were met and will lead to product quality and patient safety on the long run. Indeed, content uniformity of active ingredients in each tablet was engendered by equally uniform tablet weight to the extent that relative standard deviation was only 1.29% for uniformity of weight, 1.74% for ibuprofen content and 0.28% for paracetamol...
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