Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. The various preparation techniques for solid dispersion and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. This research article investigates enhancement of the dissolution profile of atorvastatin using solid dispersion with PVP. The article also describes the preparation of fast-dissolving atorvastatin by using water soluble polymer. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30) was selected and solid dispersions were prepared by the method of spray drying and solvent evaporation. Dissolution studies using the USP paddle method were performed for solid dispersions of atorvastatin. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) were performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier, hence its effect on dissolution. Dissolution of atorvastatin improved significantly in solid dispersion products. Thus, the solid dispersion technique can be successfully used for improvement of dissolution of...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Etodolac is an indole acetic acid derivative having half-life of 4 to 7 h and used for the treatment Rheumatoid arthritis. The oral use of Etodolac is not much recommended as it has many systemic side effects. The entrapment of drug in a vesicle has shown improved delivery of drug at the targeted site and has also reduced the dose and thus, has shown better patient compliance. Ethosomes are lipid vesicular carriers containing ethanol which provides better penetration of drug into the skin. Ethosomes of Etodolac were prepared by hot method. The composition includes phospholipid, ethanol, propylene glycol and distilled water. Liposomes of Etodolac were also prepared by thin film hydration technique. Selected formulations were subjected to sonication for reducing the vesicle size. FT-IR study confirmed the purity of drug and revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. Ethosomes and liposomes were characterized for vesicle shape, vesicle size, entrapment efficiency percentage, in vitro drug diffusion. %CDR after 8 h for ethosomal, liposomal are 76.55 ± 0.70%, 65.61 ±...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Simple, sensitive and accurate UV- spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of an anti-HIV drug, Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarate (TDF), in raw material and in tablets. The drug shows maximum absorbance at 259 nm in selected four different media namely gastric fluid simulated (HCl) pH 1.5, vaginal fluid simulated (VFS) pH 4.2, phosphate buffer (PB) pH 6.8 and double distilled water. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5-45 µg/mL of drug. The limits of detection and limits of quantification are found to be 1.37 and 4.17 µg/ml in gastric fluid simulated, 1.27 and 3.85 µg/ml in vaginal fluid simulated, 1.22 and 3.71 µg/ml in phosphate buffer and 1.30 and 3.95 in double distilled water respectively. The methods have been successfully applied for the determination of TDF in tablets and bulk drugs. Results are validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. It is found that the excipients present in the commercial formulation do not interfere with the methods and hence the UV-method permits a rapid and economical...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
The percentage error observed in the claimed standard concentration of cholesterol 200 mg/dl for kits A to D is found to be 0.6, 12.3, 8.96 and 3.76 respectively. As per the guidelines of CLIA 8 allowable error is +10% for cholesterol estimation. Similarly as per the NCEP 9 guidelines + 9 % error is allowable. Therefore, it is noted that kit A is the best kit with an error of just 0.6% followed by kit D which showed an error of 3.76%. Kit C is the third best kit which had an error of 9%. However, kit B failed to meet the CLIA and NCEP requirements as it exhibited an error as high as 12.3%. This highlights that artificial standards provided by the kit manufacturers with reagents cannot be relied upon as a calibrator system, since at the very beginning of calibration the system would fail, as observed in case of kit B in this...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Adverse drug reactions (ADR) contribute significantly in health care cost through increased patient morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need to create awareness among health care professionals towards ADR monitoring and reporting. The aim of our study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and belief of physicians and pharmacists towards ADR. This is a prospective cross-sectional survey based study. Questionnaire consists of 17 open ended and closed ended questions, was prepared and validated for its content and circulated to physicians and pharmacists from the selected hospitals and community pharmacies of Ras Al Khaimah, U.A.E. Majority of the physicians (n=50) were not aware of the ADR reporting system in UAE. Good number (n=19) of physicians did not know whom to report. The most common classes of medications associated with ADR were antibiotics. Great part of the physicians (n=45) have mentioned that only around 10% of their patients report their ADR. Only small number (n=15) of these physicians have reported the ADR to head of department or to drug...
Read More
