Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The methanolic leaf extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Family: Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity, and total tannins content in different in-vivo and in-vitro methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the methanol extract. At the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the extract showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced oedema test models in rats showing 62.73% and 61.99% reduction in the paw volume comparable (P<0.01) to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (67.08% and 70.76%) at 5 h respectively. The percentage inhibition of the oedema paw volume by the 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract was also statistically significant (P<0.05; P<0.01) compared favorably with the indomethacin treated animals at 1, 2, 3 4 and 5 h in both models. The total tannins content was calculated high and significant in methanol extract (105.90 mg of tannic acid equivalent per g of dry extract). Acute...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The effects of aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica in Carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury were investigated. In vivo animal models using Wistar albino rats was used in this experimental study. Carbon tetrachloride was successfully induced by significantly (P<0.001) increasing serum parameters AST, ALT, and ALP and decreasing serum total proteins and albumin levels (P<0.05). Standard antioxidant drug vitamin C at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight significantly (P<0.05) decreases the elevation of serum enzymes and increases the serum total proteins and albumin levels near to the normal control. It was found that the stem bark extract of M. indica exhibit hepatoprotective properties, as apparently observed from changes in the biochemical parameters by decreasing the elevated serum enzymes AST, ALP, and ALP and increasing the serum total proteins and albumin levels. The results of our present findings suggest that stem bark extract of M. indica provide effective protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. It is therefore evident that M. indica can serve as a good source of effective antioxidant against...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The present research finding focuses with the formulation and development of in situ gelling system of fluconazole using stimuli sensitive hydrogels. The quick elimination of the drug in the pre-corneal region thereby reducing the bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic solutions may overcome by means of in situ gel forming systems. These are instilled as drops into the eye and undergo a sol-gel transformation in the cul-de-sac. Fluconazole is an effective antifungal agent against superficial fungal infections in the eye. Hence an effort was made to develop in situ gelling system that can be triggered by pH and for providing sustained release of fluconazole. The drug that has been loaded with polymeric carrier undergoes transition from solution to gel upon triggered by pH. The main purpose of the study was to formulate pH triggered in situ gelling system of fluconazole using carbopol and HPMC polymers in order to attain a better bioavailability, considerable increase in ocular residence time, and reduce frequent instillation, thereby improving patient compliance. Fluconazole in situ gelling system...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
This study describes a Box-Behnken experimental design to optimize the formulation of Acetazolamide (ACZ) loaded microspheres by solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RS100 as a polymer. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for their production yields, particle size distribution, morphology, entrapment efficiency % and drug release characteristics. Box-Behnken design produced fifteen formulations containing specified amounts of the independent variables, drug: polymer ratio (X1), surfactant concentration % (X2) and stirring rate (rpm) (X3), the dependent factors studied were entrapment efficiency % (Y1), % drug released after 6 hrs (Y2) and particle size (µm) (Y3). Acetazolamide-loaded microspheres were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface. The results showed that the production yield of the prepared microspheres was found to be between 70.45 and 92.98%. The formulated microspheres exhibited acceptable entrapment efficiency % values in the range of 34.84 to 76.19%. The computer optimization process, surface and contour plots predicted the levels of independent variables X1, X2 and X3 (1:5, 0.5 and 890, respectively), for maximized response of EE% (80.25%), controlled release...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Background:Tuberculosis is the second most common cause of death due to an infectious disease after human immunodeficiency virus. According to World Health Organization 2010 report, 9.4 million incidents and 14 million prevalent cases were occurred. Ethiopia has been one of the 22 high TB burden countrieswith an incidence and prevalence rate of 300 and 470 cases per 100,000 populations respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculosis control program, continuous monitoring of the outcome of tuberculosis treatment and analyze the specific reasons for unsuccessful treatment outcome are important. Objective: To assess the treatment outcomes and possible associated factors on patients who registered on DOTS clinic of Debre Markos hospital, North West Ethiopia, from June 2008-August 2013. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 717 TB patients who are registered at DOTs clinic of Debre Markos referral hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical data of the study participants were collected from the TB log from the DOTS clinic. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Result: out of 717(371 men and...
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