Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
The rates of oxidation of β-carotene and chlorogenic acid by tert-butoxyl radicals (t-BuO·) were studied by measuring the absorbance of β-carotene at 491 nm and chlorogenic acid at 328 nm spectrophotometrically. Radicals (t-BuO·) were generated by the photolysis of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) in presence of tert-butyl alcohol to scavenge OH·radicals. The rates and the quantum yields (f) of oxidation of chlorogenic acid by t-BuO· radicals were determined in the absence and presence of varying concentrations of β-carotene. An increase in the concentration of β-carotene was found to decrease the rate of oxidation of chlorogenic acid, suggesting that β-carotene and chlorogenic acid competed for t-BuO· radicals. The quantum yields (fexpt) were calculated from the experimentally determined rates of oxidation of chlorogenic acid under different experimental conditions. Assuming that chlorogenic acid acts as a scavenger of t-BuO· radicals only, the quantum yields (fcal) were theoretically calculated. fexpt and fcal values suggested that chlorogenic acid not only protected β-carotene from t-BuO· radicals, but also regenerated β-carotene from β-carotene radical cation, formed by...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Nocturnal Enuresis treatment activity in rabbits by measuring the changes in urine volume and concentrations of electrolytes as well as bladder capacities. In addition, antioxidant activity was measured using free radical scavenging (DPPH method) and antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogens using agar diffusion technique. Pandanus Odoratissimus L. peduncle showed no toxic effect with a predicted lethal dose > 16g/kg. The findings indicate the peduncle extracts increase the capacity of the bladder which is an indicator of muscle relaxation with no direct effect on the muscle of dissected bladders. The methanolic extract of the peduncle decrease the urine volume both at 24 hrs and as prescribed traditionally in Yemen (for 3 days) with no effect on its electrolytes. In addition, antioxidant activity of the methanolic peduncle extract was evident by the 83% inhibition of DPPH with different concentrations of the extracts as compared with Vitamin C. In contrast, Peduncle extracts showed no antimicrobial activity against five standard microbial strains (Micrococcus Lit, Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Candida...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Now day’s formulation research is breaking barriers of conventional methods. Today, active ingredients can be delivered with a level of convenience, performance and bioavailability never seen in the market place. Fast disintegrating or Mouth dissolving tablet (MDTs) is one such novel approach to increase consumer acceptance by virtue of rapid disintegration, self-administration without water or chewing. The objective of this research was to develop the mouth dissolving tablets platform for sildenafil citrate for pediatric patient in pulmonary hypertension. Mouth dissolving tablets platform was developed using mannitol, crosspovidone, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and povidone. Sucralose and orange flavor are used as sweetener and taste masking agent respectively. Spray dried fluid bed processed technology was utilized to prepare granules. Direct compression technology was used to prepare tablets. Response Surface Methodology was utilized to establish relationships between identified independent variables and selected responses. The quality of mouth dissolving tablets was evaluated by evaluation of the in vitro release profiles, as well as friability, crushing and tensile strength, disintegration time, wetting time, in...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
A gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of Prasugrel hydrochloride and its related substances. The well chromatographic separation of prasugrel from its seven related substances and degradation products was achieved on Sunfire C18, 5mm (250mm x 4.6mm) column temperature maintained at 45°C with a mobile phase A: 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in water and mobile phase B: 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 220nm. The developed method was validated for specificity, forced degradation studies, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), linearity, precision (system precision, method precision and intermediate precision), accuracy, stability of standard and sample solutions and robustness. The method is linear with a concentration range of 0.085-3.218µg/ml with correlation coefficients more than 0.9997 for prasugrel and its related substances. The method recoveries obtained are ranged between 96.4% -101.1% for LOQ levels and 94.7%-103.3% for remaining levels. The method was found to be specific, linear, sensitive, precise, rugged, accurate, robust and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Peperomia pellucida L. (H.B.K.)is an arboreal species occurring in the secondary vegetation in Amazonia. This study aims to perform anatomy analysis by light microscopy and microchemistry analysis of leaves and petiole of P. pellucida. It was observed that the cells, on the adaxial surface, are juxtaposed with irregular shape and heterodimensional and straight walls and, the abaxial surface is formed by juxtaposed and irregularly shaped cells with thin and heterodimensional walls. The microchemical tests showed the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly in the palisade tissue, such as alkaloids, flavonoids and starch. Such anatomical and microchemical features are fundamental in the characterization of the...
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