Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
One of the problematic aspects of palliative-hospice care is pharmaceutical providing of the patients at specialized institutions, hospices. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of research about the medicineconsumption by patients at the hospice in Ukraine. Therefore the aim of the research was to study the range, cost, prescription frequency and the cost of patient pharmacotherapy at the hospice.The methods of content and frequency analysis and also,the integrated ABC/FMR/VED-analysis were used for the study.At the first research stagewere analyzed the clinical and basic statistical characteristics of hospice patients. At the second stage, the integrated ABC/FMR/VED analysis of prescribed drugs has been conducted. Then the definition of frequently prescribed medications and main therapeutic groups, using frequency analysis,hasbeen performed. The final step is the calculation of patients pharmacotherapy cost and the individual therapeutic medicationgroups.The analysis of clinical and statistical characteristics of hospice patients has showed that 75.6% of patients at the hospice were women and 48.9% of all diseases present were cardiovascular diseases. 139 medicinal products have...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
A spectrophotometric method for determination of cephalexin is proposed. This method is based on the formation of a colored compound in the reaction of cephalexin with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS). The effects of various experimental parameters in this reaction were investigated and optimized using central composite design (CCD). Twelve experiments with two factors and five levels for each factor were designed. These factors include concentration of NQS and pH. A full-quadratic polynomial equation between the absorbance as the response and the studied parameters was established. After removing the non-significant terms from the model, response surface method was used to obtain the optimum conditions. The optimum values of factors were 20.0×10-4 M for concentration of NQS and 9.6 for pH. The maximum absorption wavelength and the value of absorptivity of the colored product were 475 nm and 1.79×103 L mol−1 cm−1, respectively. The absorbance of the reaction product obeys Beer’s law in the range 1.5-34.0 mgL-1. The detection limit of the method was 0.43 mgL-1. This method is rapid and simple,...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The onion (Allium cepa L), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is used as a vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. Allium cepa L belongs to the family Lilliaceae. The onion has a wide range of beneficial actions on the body and when eaten (especially raw) on a regular basis will promote the general health of the body. The parameters selected were preliminary phytochemical screening and sedative hypnotic activity by chimney test. The Allium cepa Linn powder was successively extracted with benzene, chloroform, ethylacetate, ethanol and water for the identification of the best solvent. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for all the extracts and maximum chemical constituents were observed in the ethanolic extract. The sedative and hypnotic activity were tested by using ethanolic extract on mice by using chimney test and found to be effective at a dose of mg/kg when compared to the reference standard. In conclusion it can be said that Allium cepa L possess Sedative and...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Two new potential allelochemicals were isolated from ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Indigofera trifoliata Linn. Along with three known compounds Tricin (3), Taraxerol (4) and 5-hydroxy-3, 4′, 7-trimethoxyflavone (5). The structures of new allelochemicals were characterized as 6, 3′, 4′-trihydroxy-5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavanone-4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-galacto pyranoside (1) and 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamno pyranoside (2) by various color reactions, spectral analysis and chemical degradations. Allelo chemicals can be defined as secondary plant metabolites, produced by plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and viruses that influence the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems (excluding...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols. Its inhibitory effect being comparable to ubiquinone, in sensitive parasites atovaquone can act by selectively affecting mitochondrial electron transport and parallel processes such as ATP and pyrimidine biosynthesis. It exhibits low bioavailability related to its poor water solubility. The present research investigates crystal modification of atovaquone to improve the solubility, dissolution rate as well as some physicochemical properties. The crystals were modified in presence of PEG-4000. The modified crystals were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The solubility and dissolution rate of modified crystals were compared with untreated atovaquone. The SEM results showed different morphology of modified crystals compare to untreated atovaquone. FT-IR spectra of untreated atovaquone when compared with modified crystals showed no significant change in their characteristic peaks. Also DSC spectra showed change in the melting endotherm of modified crystals and the XRD spectra revealed change in diffraction pattern. The FT-IR, DSC and XRD indicate...
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