Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Protein drug delivery has emerged to be an important area of research in the field of novel drug delivery technology. The objective of the study was to prepare poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug and to evaluate the various physicochemical characteristics of the formulations, namely morphology, particle size, FTIR, DSC, BSA encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro BSA release profile. BSA-loaded microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method with different BSA: PLGA ratios and at different speeds of homogenization keeping the amount of BSA constant in all the formulations. Out of those 1:10 was selected as a optimized (drug: polymer) for BSA loaded PLGA microspheres, there after internal parameters like volume of inner aqueous phase(2ml), volume of DCM(10ml), concentration of polymer (9.09%),speed of homogenization, were selected as a optimized formulation parameters. Accelerated stability testing was performed with the optimized formulations for a period of eight weeks. The mean particle size and encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres were found to decrease as ...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The purpose of study was to develop and characterize once daily extended release matrix tablets of Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Methocel K15M CR and Methocel K100LV CR polymers were used as rate retarding agents in fourteen formulations. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, drug content etc. and showed satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications for tested parameters. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 24 hour in distilled water as the dissolution medium. The release mechanisms were explored and explained by Zero order, Higuchi, First order, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell equations. Primarily nine formulations were prepared by using three variable ratios of the two polymers, with 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. The optimized formulations F-5, F-6 and F-9 were further studied to...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Background: Cosmetics are articles applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering appearance. In the last few years, the consumption of cosmetics has touched new heights and the curve is shooting upwards. Along with this, cosmetics are causing alarming adverse reactions to consumers and hence studying their utilization pattern and impact besides beautifying would be important. Objective: To assess cosmetics utilization pattern and common cosmetics related adverse reactions among Mekelle University female students. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on cosmetics utilization pattern and related adverse reactions, among Mekelle University female students, from April to June, 2009. The study participants were selected by stratified and then systematic sampling technique from all colleges and campuses of the university. Data were collected by using self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire through trained pharmacists. Epi info 3.5.1 and SPSS version 12 for windows program were used for the data entery and analysis, respectively. Result: The study showed that 710 (97.8%) of the participants had a habit of using cosmetics. The...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations have been carried out to study the electronic structure and the UV absorption spectra of Triamterene. The UV spectra have been investigated with inclusion of solvent effect. The B3LYP functional with a 6-31G(d, p) basis sets have been used to compute absorption energies. The solvent effects have been described within the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The geometries are optimized using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional combined with 6-31G(d, p) basis sets. The vertical absorption energies both in gas phase and in polar solvents such as ethanol, methanol and water were computed. Red-shift of the absorption maximum in the polar solvents is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction energy, oscillator strength and dipole...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The focus of this exploratory study was to determine if community pharmacists order laboratory tests, why they order the tests, type of tests they order and what they do with the outcome of such tests. Self-administered pre-tested 34-item semi-structured questionnaires were used to carry out this study among superintendent pharmacists’ of registered pharmacy premises in two south-western states in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages), Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to appropriately summarize the data obtained. All the respondents who consented to take part had ordered laboratory tests for patients prior to this study. The types of invasive and non-invasive tests ordered, ranged from simple dipstick pregnancy test to more varied tests like: fasting blood glucose 24(36.9%), blood pressure measurement 58(89.2%), malaria parasite test 47(72.3%), full blood count 16(24.6%), widal reaction test 45(69.2%), urinalysis 10(15.4%) mantoux test 3(4.6%) and hepatitis B & C test 3(4.6%). Some of the perceived benefits derived from interpreting laboratory test results were patient trust and confidence in pharmacists 28(43.1%), job satisfaction and...
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