Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the ink extracts of different specis of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis female, Sepia pharaonis male, Sepiella inermis female, Sepia aculeata female) and squid (Loligo duvauceli female). The ink extracts were prepared by delipidation with acetone and extracted by Tris HCl buffer. The cytotoxic effect of the drug was studied using Trypan blue cell viability assay andethidium bromide /acridine orangestaining. The ink extracts from different species of squid and cuttlefish inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in a dose dependent manner. The cytotoxic effects induced by cuttlefish ink extract on chick embryo fibroblast cells involve typical apoptotic changes like nuclear condensation, studied using ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining. The ink extracts from the female Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis (25 and 75 µg/ml) showed the highest antiproliferative activity. The results suggested the potent antiproliferative effect of the ink of cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis on chicken embryo fibroblasts and thereby the therapeutic potential of the ink as an anticancer...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Background: In Ethiopia, study about prevalence and determinants of depression among adultadmitted patients is scanty. Depression in adults aged 18 years and older who also have physical health problem at hospital setting is high risk factor for psychiatric disorder. Objective: to assess prevalence of depression and determinants among adultpatients admitted in governmental hospitals, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2012. Methods: The study design was a hospital based cross-sectional study, data was collected from280 adult hospitalized patients using systematic random sampling technique and questionnaire standardized structured Hamilton depression rating scale was conducted from March 23, 2012 to April 21, 2012 study period. The data first was cleaned, edited, coded and entered into computer and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Frequency and other descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions was done for association, the test of odd ratio was using 95% confidence interval and P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 280 patients were interviewed study subjects thus made response rate of98.2%. Out of this 118 (42.1%) were males and 162...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Bioequivalence studies should be conducted for two products marketed by different licensees, containing same active ingredient(s), must be shown to be therapeutically equivalent to one another order to be considered interchangeable. The bioequivalence of two formulations of the same drug can be determined based on the absence of significant differences in primary pharmacokinetic properties of bioavailability, such as pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the plasma concentration-time curve are subjected to ANOVA. So we need to check ANOVAs for all pharmacokinetic parameters. Instead of that we can use multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) as it contains ANOVA results and further give more information regarding significance. From the results we can see that we get the same values like ANOVA and additionally we get 4 different tests for significance. Wilk’s Lambda shows that 6.9%, 14.1% and 20% of the variance of the dependent variable (Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞) is accounted for by the differences between drugs, phase and interaction respectively. Pillai’s Trace,...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Three simple, rapid, precise and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous analysis of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate (CNT) and Rabeprazole Sodium (RAB) in their combined dosage form. Method A, Simultaneous equation method (Vierodt’s method) applies measurement of absorptivities at two wavelengths, 265.6 nm (λmax of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) and 282.6 nm, (λmax of Rabeprazole Sodium) in zero order spectra. The concentrations can be calculated from the derived equations. Method B, Q-Absorbance equation method. It involves formation of Q-absorbance equation at 279.00 nm (isoabsorptive point) and 265.60 nm (λmax of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) in zero order spectra. Method C, Zero crossing first derivative spectrophotometry involves measurement of absorbance at 246.30 nm (for Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) and 304.00 nm (for Rabeprazole Sodium) in first derivative spectra. Developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The calibration graph follows Beer’s law in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 μg/ml for Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate and 4.0 to 20.0 μg/ml for Rabeprazole Sodium in water as a solvent with R square value greater...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
A selective, simple, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Glipizide in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Glipizide is a second generation sulfonylurea which lowers blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type II. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation. It showed absorption maxima at 276 nm in 0.1N NaOH. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy and precision in accordance with the requirements of ICH guidelines. The linearity was observed between 10-30μg/ml having line equation Y=0.0283X – 0.0248 with correlation coefficient of 0.999.The limit of quantification and limit of detection were found to be 1.643 and 0.542ug/ml respectively. Moreover, the proposed analytical method is thus potentially useful for a routine laboratory because of its simplicity, rapidity, precision and...
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