Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Oceans and its ecosystem comprise an untapped source for many potential drugs. Marine sponges which inhabit mainly in the saline ocean water are considered as one of the oldest form of life. Due to intense concentration of various sponge species and other organisms co- existing in limited extent marine habitats, necessarily makes them highly competitive and complex. Hence most of the sponge species has evolved chemical means to defend against predation. Such chemical adaptations regarded as ‘secondary metabolites’ possess broad-spectrum of biological activity including anti-cancerous agents. In a clinical perspective, cancer still remains as a serious and fatal disease. The various sponge derived bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, diketopiperazine, terpenes, trichoverroids, terpenoids, glycolipids, quinones, prodigiosin derivative, fatty acids and peptides plays remarkable role anti- cancerous activity. Most excitingly some of those compounds are under clinical trial. This review highlights the anti- cancerous activity of marine sponges with special emphasis on various chemical categories, pharmacological products derived from marine sponges and its symbionts as well as the various sponge derived...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
This study was subjected to investigate antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of Borassus flabellifer Linn, expressed as BFA and BFP respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging method, total flavonoid, total phenol, total antioxidants and reducing power of the two extracts were assessed for antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity potentials were assessed by the brine shrimp lethality test. In DPPH test the lowest IC50 value was 32.59 mg/ml for BFA and highest was 1388.46 mg/ml for BFP and compared with standard ascorbic acid. In cytotoxicity test LC50 value was found 32.36 μg/ml for BFA and 616.59 μg/mlfor BFP. So alcohol extract is more potent than petroleum ether extract. The total Flavonoid contents of the test samples were 3.57 ± 1.26 and 17.41±1.89 mg/g quercetin equivalents for BFA and BFP respectively. The total phenol contents of the test samples were 707.08 ± 8.84 and 28.75 ± 6.48 mg/g galic acid equivalents for BFA and BFP respectively and also in total antioxidant assay BFA contains 0.68 ± 0.17 and...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Objective: To formulate and evaluate the Levosalbutamol sulphate loaded microspheres of Chitosan and microspheres of Flax seed Mucilage in which both the polymers were checked as potential mucoadhesive agents and crosslinking was done with Glutaraldehyde for prolonging drug release for asthma therapy. Material and Method: Chitosan and Flax seed mucilage (by drying in Hot Air Oven) were used in appropriate concentration and crosslinked microspheres were prepared by Spray drying. They were evaluated for %Entrapment efficiency, Swelling behavior, %Mucoadhesion and In-vitro drug release. The optimized batches were subjected to Particle-size distribution, Scanning-electron microscopy, Aerosolization behavior and Stability study. Result and Discussion: Microspheres having Chitosan polymer: Drug ratio of 2:1 and 0.6% of Glutaraldehyde and that of Flax seed Mucilage: Drug ratio of 3:1 and 0.9% of Glutaraldehyde had good mucoadhesion ability (89.50% and 85.11% respectively). Release rate was retarded up to 8 h and follows non-fickian diffusion. Particle-size distribution of optimized batches was represented by span index (3.822 and 2.953 respectively) and value was nearer to marketed product (1.975). Aerosolization...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
In the present study, Miglitol 25 mg controlled release matrices were prepared by direct compression and in vitro drug dissolution studies were performed to find out the drug release rate and patterns. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose and Hydroxyethylcellulose were used as rate controlling polymers. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as primary rate controlling polymer and effects of addition of Hydroxypropylcellulose and Hydroxyethylcellulose on in-vitro drug dissolution were studied. Tablets were formulated using total polymer content as 30, 35 and 40 percent with 20 percent standard polymer content of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in all batches and varying the concentration of Hydroxypropyl cellulose and Hydroxyethylcellulose in the range of 10, 15 and 20 percent. In-vitro drug release was carried out using USP Type II at 50 rpm in 900 ml of acidic dissolution medium (pH 1.2) for 2 hours, followed by 900 ml alkaline dissolution medium (pH 7.4) up to 12 hours. Several kinetic models were applied to the dissolution profiles to determine the drug release...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
The present study was conducted to perform the translation and validation of Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire (MDQ) instrument for use in Indian type 2 diabetic patients. Validated English version ofMDQ instrument was selected for the study. The instrument was subjected to forward and back translation to generate final version in the Hindi language. The instrument consists of three sections: Section I, general perceptions of diabetes and related social support measuring interference, severity and social support. Section II, social incentives related to self-care activities measuring positive reinforcing behaviors and misguided reinforcing behaviors and Section III, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies measuring self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Validation was done in two hundred fifty Indian diabetic type 2 patients after the pilot testing (n=50). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and value of 0.84 was gained for the summary score and alpha values of 0.81, 0.93 and 0.87 were observed for section I, II and III indicating high levels of internal reliability. The results of the study reveal the validation of the MDQ instrument...
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