Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Comparative and synergistic antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaf (CPL) and Azadarichta indica leaf (AIL), which are popularly used as medicinal plants were evaluated by analyzing the individual leaves and their 1:1 (mass/mass) homogenous combination (CPL+AIL) concurrently. The antioxidant properties measured were the levels of total phenol, tannin, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, vitamin C, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging ability, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Of the two plants, AIL had significantly higher (P < 0.05) total phenol and tannin contents, as well as significantly higher (P < 0.05) DPPH scavenging ability, TEAC and FRAP, while CPL had significantly higher (P < 0.05) total flavonoid, total carotenoid and vitamin C contents. The combination (CPL+AIL) showed a synergy in the total phenol, tannin, total flavonoid, and total carotenoid contents, and in the DPPH free radical scavenging ability. The DPPH scavenging ability of the leaves increased in a dose-dependent manner, having IC50 in the order of APL< CPL+AIL< CPL [APL (0.50 mg/ml), CPL+AIL (0.61 mg/ml), CPL...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Oral gastroretentative dosage forms offer many advantages for drugs having absorption from upper gastrointestinal tract and improve the bioavailability of medication that is characterized by narrow absorption window. The purpose of present study was to formulate and develop a new gastroretentative controlled release diffusion of furosemide from the cellulose acetate floating microspheres. Furosemide is a widely used high-ceiling loop diuretic drug with low bioavailability (60-70 %) and shorter half-life (1-2 hrs). The microspheres were prepared by using o/w emulsion solvent evaporation method. The formulated floating microspheres were characterized for their micromeritic properties, surface morphology by SEM, in-vitro buoyancy studies, percentage drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release studies. Optimization studies were carried out by taking organic phase volume and drug: polymer ratio as independent variables and percentage drug entrapment efficiency and time percentage yield and size as responses using 3-level factorial design. The prepared microsphere formulations having percentage drug entrapment of 78.4%, and buoyancy of 89.42% with floating time up to 12...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has emerged as a key target in non-small-cell lung cancer. EGFR inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer is achieved via small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib or Iressa (gefitinib), or monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab. The EGFR is under investigation as a therapeutic target for cancers. Lung cancer cell lines are variably dependent on autocrine stimulation of EGFR since it has a role in signal transduction. We therefore examined the effects of a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Iressa 1 which is a synthetic molecule synthesized from a standard Iressa molecule. These compounds after docking with EGFR protein were found to possess good energy score and also highly inhibited the protein molecule indicating that this molecule showed anticancer activity on EGFR. The results of the pharmacokinetic study as well as the investigations pertaining to the ADME properties of Iressa 1 by using ADME tool of TOPKAT (DS 2.5) had shown that Iressa 1 was nontoxic effect to female mouse and female...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Autism is a spectrum of developmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, often accompanied by stereotypical or repetitive behaviours. There are numerous hypotheses holding to the etiology and pathology of Autism but actual mechanism of the ailment is still unknown. Although a number of rare mutations and dosage abnormalities are specific to autism, these explain no more than 10% of all cases making the problem more complex. In this regard, shift from a narrow focus on individual candidate genes towards a broader view of affected protein networks and associated biological pathways have achieved the significant role. We have used network biology approach to identify important molecules and pathways which play significant role in autism through molecular interaction map (MIP) containing 248 nodes linked with 892 edges. Our studies elucidate the relationship between topological properties of MIP and the role played by molecules in biological systems. Further by applying the graph theory hub proteins were obtained and the pathways in which they are involved were analyzed. Our results...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Present study reports phytochemical screening and the inhibitory activity of crude extracts of Cassia tora and Cassia sophera (fam: caesalpinaceae) on some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The selected plants are edible and used by local herbal medical practitioners to treat various skin infections and respiratory problems. Leaf and flower extracts were prepared with different solvents and tested for the presence of primary and secondary metabolites which are pharmacologically active compounds. Acetone and Aqueous extracts revealed the presence of more constituents including glycosides, phenols, flavonoids alkaloids etc. As many of the active ingredients in chemically manufactured drugs were originally derived from plant compounds, extracts are also used to screen the antimicrobial activity. The results showed very high inhibitory activity against skin pathogens like Staphylococcus and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition was determined utilizing the well diffusion method. For comparison chloramphenicol and Fluconazole were used as standard reference. Among bacteria used gram positive bacteria and fungus Candida albicans were most inhibited. Flower and leaf extracts showed different activity, revealing...
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