Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Since plants are used as therapeutic agents, the present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activities of methonolic extracts of different components of Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima (Red and White) fruit. Studies on the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of leaf, peel, and pulp of Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima (Red and White) fruitwas conducted using agar disc diffusion method. The microorganisms used include Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 3215), Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 3384). The maximum activity was observed against all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 12.5mg/mL and 200mg/mL depending on microorganism and various extract. Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima (Red and White) fruit were observed to have antibacterial activity and can be used for medicinal...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The objective of the work was to design oral FDFs of a drug meant for management of chronic disease like type-2 diabetes mellitus which affects mostly elderly population. Glimepiride was the drug of choice because of its low dose. Since in vitro dissolution rate is the rate limiting step in drug absorption for class II drugs, in the present work,it was also proposed to make a complex of the drug with hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin (HPBCD) to improve the physicochemical-pharmacokinetic characters of the drug. Various batches of FDFs were developed by the solvent casting method using water soluble polymers HPMC-E5 and Maltodextrin as film formers; Glycerol and PEG-600 as plasticizers; Sodium starch...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
A simple, reproducible and efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative determination of azithromycin in drug substance. The separations were carried out on a Xterra C18 column (150 ×4.6 mm; 5µ) with UV detection at 215 nm. The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 7.5) in a ratio of 50:50 v/v. The injection volume was 50 µl and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The linear dynamic response was found to be in the concentration range of 300µg-700 µg/mL and coefficient of correlation was found to be 0.998. The %RSD value was below 2.0 for intraday and interday precision indicated that the method was highly precise. The percentage recovery value was higher than 100 %, indicating the accuracy of the method and absence of interference of the excipients present in the tablet formulation. The proposed method was simple, economic, accurate, precise and reproducible and hence can be applied for routine quality control analysis of azithromycin in bulk and...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The objective of the study was to compare the bioavailability of a single oral 100 mg dose of two brands of phenytoin sodium formulations available in the Nepalese market. Formulation B was taken as test drug and compared with the innovator brand which was taken as reference standard. A randomized, two-way crossover study was done in six healthy adult male rabbits. All six rabbits received a single oral 100 mg dose of both the formulations with a two-week washout period between the formulations. Blood samples for plasma phenytoin levels were collected at 0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24 hours. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two brands of phenytoin sodium calculated were area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero to 24 hours (AUC 0–24), Area under the Curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time of peak concentration (tmax). Formulation B failed to comply in terms of Area under the Curve (AUC), an important pharmacokinetic parameter to test...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Background: Rational drug use is a tool through which safe, effective and economic medication is provided. Rational prescribing ensures adherence to treatment and protects drug consumers from unnecessary adverse drug reactions. Rational dispensing on the other hand, promotes the safe, effective and economic use of drugs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess drug use practices and completeness of information on prescriptions in Gondar University Hospital. Methodology: A combination of retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient pharmacy in the facility. Of the total of 30,000, some 1145 prescriptions containing drugs prescribed during the month of May 1, 2010 to April 30, 2011 were reviewed for retrospective and 31 patients coming with their prescriptions to outpatient pharmacy were interviewed in the middle of the week on the day of January 25, 2012. Results: The mean number of drugs per prescriptions was 1.76, percentage of prescriptions containing < 2 drugs per prescription was 80.87%. The generic name of the medication was used in 99.16 % of...
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