Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Irrational use of medicines results in poor patient clinical outcomes, adverse drug reactions, economic burden and antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate drug prescription patterns in private and public health sectors in Wolkite town, South West Ethiopia. The drug prescriptions were evaluated in 11 private and public health facilities, Wolkite town, South west Ethiopia. Total patient records of 600 were collected by systematic random sampling technique from patients attended the facilities from January 1 to December 31, 2011, retrospectively. One thousand two hundred twenty seven drugs were prescribed for 385 patient encounters making the average number of drugs per encounter 3.20 + 1.01 (private=3.33, public= 2.89). Three hundred and one (78.2%) patients in private and public health facilities were prescribed with at least one inappropriate drug. Inappropriate choice of drug 108 (28.0%), over prescription of drugs 89 (23.0%) and inappropriate duration of treatment 28 (7.2%) were the three most prevalent cause of inappropriate prescriptions in the health facilities. Much remains to be done to promote rational...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Pyrimidine is a six membered cyclic compound containing 4 carbon and 2 nitrogen atoms and is pharmacologically inactive but its synthetic derivatives possess an important role in modern medicine. Pyrimidines and their derivatives are considered to be important for drugs and agricultural chemicals. Pyrimidine derivatives possess several interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor and antihypertensive activities. Many pyrimidine derivatives are used for thyroid drugs and leukemia. The biological significance of the pyrimidine derivatives has promoted us to synthesize some new substituted dihydropyrimidines, and evaluate them for their anti-microbial activity. The titled compounds were identified and characterized by IR and 1HNMR...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The present study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia alba bark. The carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble partitionate of methanolic extract and crude methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant property using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pecrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging assay ,of which chloroform partitionate and crude extract demonstrated highest activity with IC50 value of 12µg/ml and 14µg/ml respectively. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, LC50 values obtained from the best fit line slope were 0.812, 14.94, 0.831 and 3.288 µg/ml for standard (Vincristine sulphate), n-Hexane, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble partitionate of methanolic extract respectively. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction revealed moderate activities against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae test...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Plant kingdom is one of the important sources of the natural product and food. In present era many lifesaving, nutritive chemical components are isolated from different plants due to both medicinal and economical values. In India Ayurveda provides major information about medicinal plants, but there are number of plants which is not studied totally. Citrus maxima is a perennial shrub commonly known as Papanus, distributed through India. Present Pharmacognostic research study was performed on leaves of Citrus maxima. Macroscopic photographs of transverse sections (T.S.) of Citrus maxim leaves shown distinct presentation of arrangement of palisade cells, vascular bundles, oil globules, parenchymatous cell & trichomes. Microscopy of the leaf shows abundant anisocytic stomata both surfaces of leaf, presence of vascular bundle in xylem vessels. Thick, ovoid, rectangular epidermal cells were present. Uniserate, multicellular, thin walled, unlignified, covering trichomes were present. Spongy parenchyma cells were present. Calcium oxalate crystals were present in the parenchymatous cells. Starch grains were present except vascular bundle. Oil globules were present in leaf. Standardization of leaf...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Dillenia indica L. commonly known as elephant apple is distributed in the sub-Himalayan tract of India. The fruits of D. indica collected from Bhalukpong area of Sonitpur district of Assam (India) were dried, milled and extracted sequentially by Accelerated Solvent Extractor using four different solvents with increasing polarity (hexane < ethyl acetate < methanol < 50% aqueous methanol). Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out according to standard procedures. Total phenolic content (TPC) of all the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu’s method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Free radical scavenging activity were determined by measuring the decrease in the visible absorbance of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) on addition of the plant extracts and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by plotting nonlinear regression curve. L-Ascorbic acid and gallic acid were used as standard in DPPH assay and TPC respectively. Phytochemical analysis confirms the presence of phenolic compounds in methanolic extract. The highest phenolic content (59.99±2.21 mg/g) was recorded in 50 % aqueous methanolic extract which also shows highest antioxidant activity with IC50...
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