Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Autism is a spectrum of developmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, often accompanied by stereotypical or repetitive behaviours. There are numerous hypotheses holding to the etiology and pathology of Autism but actual mechanism of the ailment is still unknown. Although a number of rare mutations and dosage abnormalities are specific to autism, these explain no more than 10% of all cases making the problem more complex. In this regard, shift from a narrow focus on individual candidate genes towards a broader view of affected protein networks and associated biological pathways have achieved the significant role. We have used network biology approach to identify important molecules and pathways which play significant role in autism through molecular interaction map (MIP) containing 248 nodes linked with 892 edges. Our studies elucidate the relationship between topological properties of MIP and the role played by molecules in biological systems. Further by applying the graph theory hub proteins were obtained and the pathways in which they are involved were analyzed. Our results...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Present study reports phytochemical screening and the inhibitory activity of crude extracts of Cassia tora and Cassia sophera (fam: caesalpinaceae) on some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The selected plants are edible and used by local herbal medical practitioners to treat various skin infections and respiratory problems. Leaf and flower extracts were prepared with different solvents and tested for the presence of primary and secondary metabolites which are pharmacologically active compounds. Acetone and Aqueous extracts revealed the presence of more constituents including glycosides, phenols, flavonoids alkaloids etc. As many of the active ingredients in chemically manufactured drugs were originally derived from plant compounds, extracts are also used to screen the antimicrobial activity. The results showed very high inhibitory activity against skin pathogens like Staphylococcus and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition was determined utilizing the well diffusion method. For comparison chloramphenicol and Fluconazole were used as standard reference. Among bacteria used gram positive bacteria and fungus Candida albicans were most inhibited. Flower and leaf extracts showed different activity, revealing...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Aim of this study was to determine the Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant activities of the stem of Ravenia spectabilis. For this study, the dried stem’s powder of Ravenia spectabilis was subjected to cold extraction with methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. The crude methanolic extracts and its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble partitionates, some column fractions and isolated one pure compound (g-fagarine) demonstrated mild to moderate antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The extractives showed significant cytotoxic activity when tested by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In addition, the extractives also exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity when compared with the standard drug Tert– butyl-1-hydroxytoluene...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
In the present study, an effort has been made to evaluate of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC K15M as rate retardant polymer to sustain the release of Tramadol HCl from Tramadol HCl sustained release tablet matrix. Different amount of HPMC K15M were used in formulation of F1 to F5 where drug and polymer ratio were consequently 5:6, 5:5, 5:4, 5:3 and 5:2 in 200 mg tablet matrix. Tablets were prepared by direct compression. The dissolution study of the tablet matrices of different formulations were carried out in the gastric medium (pH 1.3) for first 2 hours and then in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II. The drug release patterns were simulated in different kinetic orders such as Zero Order release kinetics, First Order release kinetics, Higuchi release kinetics, Korsemeyer-Peppas release kinetics and Hixson-Crowell release kinetics to assess the release mechanism. From the study it was observed that Zero Order release kinetics was the predominant release mechanism than Higuchi and First Order kinetics. Among the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The antimicrobial activity of the extracts Basella alba fruit were evaluated by measuring the zones of inhibition using Agar well Diffusion method against eight species of microorganisms: Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus, Klubsiella, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. The extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigates, no activity was found against Klebsiella and moderate activity was observed for all other tested organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract against bacterial strains was found to be 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigates and 50mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumonia. The overall result of this study indicates that the extract from Basella alba fruit have interesting antimicrobial property and thus provide justification for the use of the plants in folk medicine to treat various infectious...
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