Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2012 in |
The present study was carried out to illustrate the relative evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaves of Eclipta alba and Aphanamixis polystachya and bark of Premna integrifolia in two different solvents. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done and concluded that the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and glycoside in both extracts of the above plants. The antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against eight pathogenic bacteria using Kanamycin as antibiotic standards. The outcome showed that the antibacterial activity was effective in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of tested extracts. The MIC was determined in two different solvents of both extracts and observed that chloroform and ethyl acetate possess minimum inhibition in both extracts. From the current investigation, it can be concluded that Eclipta alba, Aphanamixis polystachya and Premna integrifolia crudeextracts have quite effective antimicrobial activity and potent phytochemical constituents....
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2012 in |
Efavirenz, a widely prescribed anti retroviral drug belongs to class IΙ under BCS and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. Its oral absorption is dissolution rate limited and it requires enhancement in the solubility and dissolution rate for increasing its oral bioavailability. The objective of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of formulating efavirenz –βCD– Poloxamer 407 /PVP K30 inclusion complexes into tablets and to evaluate the effects of βCD, Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 on the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of efavirenz tablets in 23 factorial study. A comparative evaluation of wet granulation and direct compression methods was made for the preparation of tablets employing drug – βCD – Poloxamer 407 / PVP K30 inclusion complexes. Drug – βCD- Poloxamer 407 / PVP K30 inclusion complexes were prepared by kneading method. Tablets each containing 100 mg of efavirenz were prepared by wet granulation and direct compression methods employing various βCD complexes as per 23 factorial design and the tablets were...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2012 in |
This study was subjected to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of methanol extracts of two Bangladeshi bean pods namely Lablab purpureus L. sweet ‘white’ and ‘purple’. Protease Inhibition method was used to determine in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties. DPPH free radical scavenging method, total flavonoids, Total antioxidants and reducing power of the two samples were assessed for antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity potentials were assessed by the brine shrimp lethality test.In in-vitro anti-inflammatory investigation there is a linear relation of %inhibition for the white bean pods which indicates having positive anti-inflammatory property. In DPPH test the lowest and highest IC50 values are 430.00µg/ml and 853.13μg/ml, with L. purpureus sweet ‘purple’ and L. purpureus sweet ‘white‘ respectively and compared with standard ascorbic acid. In Cytotoxicity test LC50 value was found 960.06 μg/ml for L. purpureus (L.) sweet ‘purple’ and 66.5 µg/ml for L. purpureus sweet ‘white’, So L. purpureus sweet ‘white’ is more potent. The total Flavonoid contents of the test samples are 42.55±5.77 and 32.09±0.36 mg/g quercetin equivalents for...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2012 in |
Purpose: Placebo effect is a phenomenon where the patient’s symptoms can be relieved by a false treatment in pharmacological aspects, most likely because of the patient expectations or believes that the treatment will have success. So, it is a psychological response to the treatment, without being accompanied by the improvement of physical condition. Placebo is often defined as: “Substance or procedure that objectively has no activity (effect) to the state that is treated2”, but although inert substance has resulted on the improvement of the patient. In fact, we are dealing with a general term of a many different effects that cause people to re-interpret the disease and its symptoms. Curiosity of our study lies on the justification of high level spray usage as a pharmaceutical form to reduce the pain or muscular fatigue. We did it by using a spray that actually has no active pharmacological substance (neither analgesic nor muscular relaxation) while the voluntary tested people didn’t knew about it. Methods: A total of 50 individuals were subjected...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2012 in |
Background: The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is recommended as part of first-line therapy in HIV-infected patients and prescribed at a standard dose of 600 mg once daily. EFV is extensively metabolized primarily by hepatic CYP2B6 with partial involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2A6. The aim of the study was to assess CYP 2B6 G516T polymorphism and their impact in efavirenz based therapy Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted using the Medline, PubMed, and High wire. Statistical analysis was conducted using comprehensive Meta analysis version 2 software. Result: From fifty four articles only twenty two articles were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. The average frequency of CYP 2B6 G516T polymorphism, from forest plot of 7 studies, was around 30% which strengthened the idea of substantial number of this polymorphism. Most of the studies had high proportion of mutant allele and the average of the all is around 49%. The mean plasma efavirenz concentration among 516GG, 516 GT and 516 TT holders was 2.869 ± 0.294...
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