Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Background: Infiltration and degranulation of mast cells has been noted to occur in renal diseases and are reported to play a key role in inflammation. Degranulation of mast cells releases various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, endothelins, growth factors and proteolytic enzymes. Ketotifen has been reported as stabilizer of mast cells. Thus, the present study is designed to investigate the involvement of mast cells in diabetes induced nephropathy. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gm were given streptozotocin (50 mg/kg., i.p once) to induce diabetes mellitus and maintained hyperglycemic for eight weeks to produce nephropathy. Diabetes was assessed by serum glucose level and nephropathy was assessed by estimating serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total urinary proteins, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione), renal collagen content and integrity of kidney was assessed histopathologically by Hematoxylin Eosin staining and for mast cells toluidine blue staining was done .After one week of streptozotocin, diabetic rats were treated with ketotifen (1 mg/kg., p.o) for 7 weeks. Standard mast cell...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Poorly solubility in water of many newly developed high-potential drugs is an obstacle in formulation development. The aim of this study was to increase the solubility of Lamotrigine which is a poorly soluble drug and comes under BCS class-II by using solid dispersion technique. Lamotrigine, PEG 4000 and PVPK-30 solid dispersion was prepared by solvent evaporation method and the formulation was characterized using stability studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and physical parameters. After checking the preformulation studies and getting satisfactory results pellets were formulated and evaluation was done. Drug entrapment efficiency was more than 98 % which indicates that the pellets formed are good possessing in vitro release of 94.89 & 92.30 % for X1 & X2 batches respectively....
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Aqueous and methanol extracts of fruit bodies of Daldinia concentrica were tested against five pathogenic fungi like Penicillium sps., Aspergillus fumigatous, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Mucour indicus and also five bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans . The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the above extracts were determined by well diffusion assay. Nearly both the extracts were found effective against these bacteria and fungi. The aqueous extract showed higher zone of inhibition than the methanol extract tested. The extracts exhibited antibacterial activities with zone of inhibition ranging from 14 – 54 mm and 5 – 23 mm for aqueous and methanol extracts whereas, antifungal activities zone of inhibition ranging from 9 – 25 mm and 7 – 18 mm, for aqueous and methanol extracts, respectively. The organisms were more sensitive to the aqueous extract of the fungal fruit bodies than that of methanol...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
A series of nine 1-(4-aryl-2-thiazolyl)-3, 5- diaryl and six of 1- (4- aryl- 2-oxazolyl)-3, 5- diaryl- 2- pyrazolin derivatives were prepared by reacting 3, 5-diaryl-1- thiocarbamoyl-/or 3, 5- diaryl- 1- carbamoyl- D2– pyrazolines with substituted phenacyl bromide in ethanol. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR as well as EIMS spectral data. Some of these derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram- negative and pathogenic fungi, and showed a significant activity....
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Medicinal plant products when compared with synthetic antibiotics minimize the infections at a major part. Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants showed positive results for most of the phytochemical constituents namely tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, anthraquinones, protein and aminoacids, mixed oils and fats etc., This study provided a good medicinal plant based treatment strategy and will create social awareness among the clinically infected patients. Five important bacterial spp., identified from them namely P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts showed different inhibition spectrum against the isolated bacterial pathogens. Among them leaf methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica showed good antibacterial...
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