Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Orthosiphon stamineus (Family: Lamiaceae) has becoming one of the popular medicinal plants in Malaysia due to its high beneficial effects in treating diabetes mellitus, hypertension and kidney stones. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism of O. stamineus in affecting metabolism of aminopyrine in female rat hepatocytes via second messenger pathway. Liver perfusion was used to isolate hepatocytes from the healthy female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Isolated perfused rat hepatocytes were pretreated with several enzyme inhibitors/stimulant targeted on the protein kinases, phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. From the results obtained, only the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase in female rat hepatocytes pre-treated with KT5720 showed significantly increased in the presence of 1 ng/ml (P<0.05) of O. stamineus extract. For conclusion, 1 ng/ml of O. stamineus extract increased the metabolism of aminopyrine in rat hepatocytes by inhibiting the protein kinase- A...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of permeation of drug into skin by taking three different vesicle size niosomal formulations. The combined influence of 3 independent variables in the preparation of venlafaxine niosomes by the Ether Injection Method and it was to derive a second order polynomial equation and construct contour plots to predict responses. Seventeen batches were prepared by the Ether Injection Method and evaluated for vesicle size and polydispersity index. Contour plots were constructed to show the effects of X1, X2 and X3 on the vesicle size and polydispersity index. Niosome are acceptable and superior carriers and also have ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Niosomes were characterised for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and Permeation and drug deposition in the rat skin. Stability of niosomes formulation was studied at two different temperature conditions for 30 days. Niosomes dispersion were found to be stable and preparation of niosomes using factorial design was found to be well suited and...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Back Ground: Overuse of injections is considered as an important indicator of irrational prescribing pattern in a given health care setting owing to the invasive nature of such drug delivery system. Moreover, blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through unsafe injections due to poor injection practices and injection overuse. If the use of injections exceeds the availability of injection accessories, reuse of syringes and needles is likely. Therefore, the greater the use, the higher is the risk. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess injection use prevalence and completeness of information on prescriptions in Ayder Referral Hospital (ARH). Methodology: A population based descriptive (ecological) study was conducted on prescriptions of both in- and out-patients at ARH. Of the total of 11,980, some 2880 prescriptions containing injectable drugs prescribed during the months of February and March, 2010 were reviewed. Results: During the study period, 24% (2880) of all the prescriptions ordered were found to have consisted at least one injectable. A...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Present study investigated the protective effect of apigenin on cell surface glycoconjugates abnormalities in 7, 12-dimethyldenz(a)anthracene(DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. DMBA painting in the hamster buccal pouch three times per week for 14 weeks developed oral squamous cell carcinoma. The levels of glycoconjugates (Protein bound hexose, Hexosamine, Lipid bound sialic acid, Total sialic acid and Fucose) were analyzed by using specific colorimetric methods. The levels of glycoconjugates were significantly increased both in plasma and buccal mucosa in tumor bearing hamsters as compared to normal hamsters. Oral administration of apigenin at a dose of 2.5mg/kg bw significantly restored the status of glycoconjugates in DMBA treated hamsters. Our results suggest that apigenin protected cell surface glycoconjugates abnormalities during DMBA induced oral...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
The purpose of the current work was to conduct phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of different extracts of Leucas aspera. The dried powder of the whole plant was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol which were subjected to various chemical tests to ascertain the main constituents of the plant. The results revealed the presence of significant amounts of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids in ethanol extract while the other two extracts contain moderate amount of the chemical constituents. Our results indicate the presence of phytochemicals in the order of ethanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane extract. Antioxidant activity of these extracts were performed by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, total anti-oxidant capacity and the total phenol capacity where ascorbic acid (for DPPH scavenging and total anti-oxidant) and gallic acid (for total phenol) were used as standards. The results showed that the ethanol extract possesses more anti-oxidant activity than ethyl acetate and n-hexane...
Read More
