Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Context: Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae) is native to southwest Asia. This tree species has been of interest to researchers because it has a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines. Objective: Pharmacognostic Standardization, Physico and Phytochemical Evaluation of the seeds of N. sativa were carried out to determine its macro-and microscopical characters and also some of its quantitative standards. Materials and Methods: Microscopical studies were done by using trinocular microscope. Total ash, water-soluble ash and acid-insoluble ash values; Alcohol-and water-soluble extractive values were determined for physico-chemical evaluations. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also done to detect different phytoconstituents. Results and Discussion: Microscopically, seed showed epidermis with parenchymatous cells, papillae and reddish brown pigmented layer of cells; endosperm with starch grains, oil globules and embryo. Total ash was approximately, 32 (thirty two) and 3 (three) times more than acid insoluble and water soluble ash, respectively. Water soluble extractive was approximately 1 times more than Ethanol soluble extractive. T.L.C. of Petroleum-ether extract using Benzene: Ethyl acetate (6:1), showed five spots....
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb) Hochr, an ethanomedicinal plant of Western Ghats seen in deciduous forests. The bark is used to treat various ailments in folk medicine. There are no previous reports on pharmacognostical study on this plant. As a promising ethanomedicinal plant, systematic and detailed pharmacognostical studies were carried out. The present study focused on its macro and micro morphological characters of the bark. An attempt was made on to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters like ash values, extractive values, loss on drying and fluorescence analysis of the bark powder are performed. The chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Ougeinia oojeinensis was determined by GC-MS analysis. The present investigation revealed the immense value of standardization and botanical identification of the plant material for further investigations and forms an important aspect of drug...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Abstract: Lung cancer is leading cause of death due to malignancy. Non small cell lung cancer constitutes approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Despite advances in early detection of non small cell lung cancer, about 75%-80% patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease (Stage III & IV) and carries poor prognosis. Majority of these patients are not candidate for a surgical treatment. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy or combined modality have been tried in these patients in term of improve survival and quality of life. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with advanced stage NSCLC was undertaken. The clinicopathological behavior observed and pattern of treatment they received such as radical and palliative treatment in form of radiotherapy and chemotherapy evaluated. Results: Median age of presentation was 58 years, more common in male patients (84%) and smokers. Of total 120 patients only 39 (33%) received radical treatment, palliative treatment was received by 61 (51%) of cases. Whereas 17% patients were not received any treatment. Conclusions: Combination...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
The poor dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs is still a major problem conforming the pharmaceutical industry. The most common method for improving the solubility is by increasing the surface area of the drug through micronization. But, in practice the effect of micronization is often disappointing, especially when the drugs are encapsulated or tablet. It is generally recognized that low solubility or dissolution rate often becomes a rate-limiting step in absorption of poorly water soluble drugs. Therefore, the enhancement of the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs after oral administration is one of the most challenging aspects of modern pharmaceutics. Olanzepine (2- methyl- 4- (4- methyl- 1- piperazinyl) – 10H- thieno [2, b] [1, 5]benzodiazepine possess antipsychotic activity and exhibits very slight solubility in water and as a consequence it exhibit low bioavailability after oral administration Therefore, the improvement of olanzepine dissolution from its oral solid dosage forms is an important issue for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of present work is to improve the solubility of...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
In the present investigation an attempt was made to prevent ulcerative colitis and to improve the patient compliance by developing enteric coated (EC) tablets of prednisolone and to reduce the side effects of anti inflammatory drugs in G.I.T. by developing conventional tablets of prednisolone by wet granulation technique and the prepared prednisolone based tablets were coated with different ratios of pectin and ethyl cellulose as enteric coating material by spraying organic system. The enteric coated tablets of prednisolone were subjected to an in vitro drug release study in the presence and absence of pectinolytic enzyme using simulated colonic fluid of pH 6.0 as the dissolution medium. The results showed that the degradation was very efficient with pectinolytic enzyme relative to other processes. Colon drug delivery is advantageous in the treatment of colonic disease, where oral deliveries of drugs are unstable or susceptible to enzymatic degradation in upper GI tract. In this study, coated tablets which were resistant to gastric and small intestinal pH conditions but dissolving in colonic pH...
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