Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) evaluation and monitoring is key for safe medication use. This study aimed to initiate, enhance reporting and support the Pharmacovigilance program of India. Methodology: This prospective observational study on the evaluation of adverse drug reactions was carried out for 6 months with the approval of ethics committee. Using standard tools, data was collected in the Standard suspected ADR reporting form and assessed for causality, severity, and preventability. Complete data were collected until the discharge of the patient. Results: A total of 31 cases were recorded with 33 ADRs. The incidence of ADRs was predominant among the elderly (38.7%). ADRs were more prevalent in females (54.83%) than males. Hypertension was the commonly observed co-morbidity among the patients enrolled in the study. The most common suspected drug class was antibiotics (48.48%) followed by anti-hypertensive agents (12.12%). Type B adverse reactions were predominant (69.69%) with a higher incidence of cutaneous manifestations (51.61%). On Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC scale, the majority of the ADRs were Probable (83.87...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease identified as hyperglycemia that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot metabolize its insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and, over time, leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems. Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used to achieve greater control over hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the methanolic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenigii and Psidium guajava were prepared by maceration. The methanolic extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenigii and Psidium guajava were mixed in equal proportions to form a polyherbal extract and studied for in–vitro alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In alpha-amylase activity, alpha-amylase solution (0.5 mg/mL) and substrate, 1% starch was used and the absorbance was measured at 540nm. In Alpha-glucosidase activity, alpha-glucosidase (0.5 mg/mL) and substrate, 5 mM p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was used and the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
Background: Antimicrobials are used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections that occur following surgical procedures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections (SSIs). A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. These are infections of the tissues, organs, or spaces exposed by surgeons during the performance of an invasive procedure. Objective: To assess the cost of antimicrobials therapy used within different types of surgeries. Methods: A prospective, non-interventional, observational study in the department of pharmacology for 9 months. Sample size: 330. Results: In our study clean 113 (34%), dirty 102 (31%), and clean-contaminated 90 (27%) wound surgeries were the most commonly performed surgeries. Contaminated wound surgeries were the least commonly performed surgeries (8%) in our study. The cost of antimicrobial therapy in patients with clean-contaminated (median-220), contaminated (median-352), or dirty wound surgeries (median-546) was significantly high as compared to clean wound surgeries (median-160). Also the cost of antimicrobial therapy in patients...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
Introduction: Skin and subcutaneous tissue adverse drug reactions (ADR) are among the most common types of Cutaneous Reaction. The incidence rate of Cutaneous ADR is 1-3% for admitted patients in developed countries, whereas, in developing countries, it is 2-5% for admitted patients. Aims & Objective: To analyze the patient demographics, characteristics of the reaction, type of reaction, seriousness of the reaction, classification of the drugs involved, action is taken and outcome of reactions, causality assessment, severity assessment, and preventability of cutaneous ADRs. Material and Methods: The ADR monitoring center reported all cutaneous adverse drug reactions between September 2017 to June 2020 (34 months). All reported ADRs were clinically verified by committee members and retrospectively analyzed using various parameters such as type of reaction, causality assessment, drug preventability, and severity. Results: Out of 990 ADRs reported during the study period, 232 (23.43%) were cutaneous ADRs concerning 204 patients, including indoor and outdoor patients. A maximum number (48.7%) of ADRs were reported in the adult age group between 20-44 years. The majority...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
In present era research work has the continuous focus on the formulation development of chitosan-coated flexible liposomes of Mupirocin that has persistent mitigation of laceration. Skin injuries (laceration), an important health problem that needs to be managed properly in order to avoid serious consequences. The current focus in wound therapy is on upholding the moisture balance in the wound bed and protection against pathogenic invasion. Wound dressings in a form of flexible liposomes incorporating antibiotic mupirocin, can be applied to control dermal infections and thereby ensure optimal wound healing. Drug in flexible liposome provides prolonged contact between drug and wounded area, reducing the need for frequent application of wound dressing. Our project aims to develop the chitosan-coated flexible liposomes of Mupirocin in a soya lecithin and edge activators. The drug Mupirocin was analysed through various physio-chemical and analytical parameters like pre-formulation studies, melting point, solubility, calibration curve, FTIR and drug excipient compatibility study. The chitosan-coated flexible liposomes which were prepared by Rota evaporator technique and incorporation into flexible liposomes...
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