Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
Memantine hydrochloride is a medicine used to medicate patients with moderately severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders; because of mechanisms of neuroprotection, the efficiency of memantine have been delivered in preclinical and clinical experiments. Several approaches for preparing memantine hydrochloride have been announced. The process began with 1,3-dimethyladamantane or 1-bromo-3,5-dimethyladamantane using three or four reaction steps for the production of memantine hydrochloride, with overall yield fluctuating from 39% to 63%. In this article, a concise two-step for the synthesis of memantine hydrochloride from 1,3-dimethyladamantane via 1-acetamido-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane with an overall yield of 85% was developed. The parameters of the procedure were also optimized with a view to lessening the utilization of toxic solvents and reagents, making it more eco-friendly. And in particular, the condition reaction are specified in the preparation of 1-acetamido-3,5-dimethyladamantaneasreaction temperature = 70 ºC, time reaction =2.5 hrs, molar ratio of (acid nitric: acetonitril: 1,3-dimethyladamantane) = 7:10:1; in the synthesis of memantine hydrochloride as reaction temperature = 130 ºC, time reaction = 8 h, molar...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
A simple gradient ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of paliperidone in rabbit plasma matrix as per USFDA, and EMA guidelines using a stable isotope-labeled paliperidone-d4 was added as an internal standard. The separation was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm × 10 cm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase composition of 5 mM ammonium formate in HPLC grade water with 0.05% formic acid (Mobile phase A) and acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid (Mobile phase B) at a flow rate 1 ml/min in gradient mode. A simple single-step protein precipitation extraction method was adapted using acetonitrile. Quantification of analyte was achieved using positive ionization. Mass ion transitions used were 427.0→207.0 for paliperidone and 431.1→211.0 for paliperidone-d4. The linearity curve was obtained, found to be linear, and the regression coefficient was 0.9990 in the concentration range of 0.25-250 ng/ml. The ruggedness and accuracy of all levels of QC were ranged from 0.81 to 6.02% and 94.22 to 104.40%, respectively....
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive first-order UV – Spectrophotometric assay method has been developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of fluvastatin sodium in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent to dissolve the drug and for dilutions, methanol was used. The absorption maxima of fluvastatin sodium in methanol after derivatized into the first-order derivative was found to be 306nm. The drug obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 1 – 5µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery values were found to be within limits, which showed that the method was accurate. The % relative standard deviation values were less than 2, indicating the method was found to be precise. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated using statistical methods. The developed method can be used for the quality control of fluvastatin sodium in pharmaceutical dosage...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
To predict the cocos anther dehiscence, a novel method was devised to compile the colossal amount of pollen grains. The matured inflorescence enveloped by the spathe was collected and the anther dehiscence were noticed day by day until the shedding of entire pollen. This study was experimented for a period of eight months between (February) 2018 to 2018 (September). After an experimental trails, sieve and a new tool wrist action shaker methods were used to collect the healthy pollen grains. Proximate analysis was determined by food analysis-FSSAI and association of analytical chemicals method. The complete process of anther dehiscence took 12 -18 days and after an experimental trials the high amount of pollen grains were obtained on the twelfth day. During the month of June amount of pollen i.e. 16.21 ± 0.05 g per 100 g of the fresh flower weight was recorded in wrist action shaker whereas 2.36 ± 0.018 g per 100 g of the flower weight found in sieve method. The average dry weight of pollen...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
Heavy metal accumulates mostly in the liver and kidney as these organs involved in the detoxification and excretion of foreign materials. In the present study, we explored the effect of Gum Arabic (GA) and Guar Gum (GG) on mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induced hepatorenal toxicity. Twenty-eight adult male albino rats “Sprague Dawely” weighing 250-300 g were divided into four equal groups: the first group served as the negative control group, the second group received intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection with HgCl2, the third group received HgCl2 injection followed by GA and the fourth group received HgCl2 injection followed by GG. HgCl2 injection caused a significant increase in serum total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, and uric acids compared to control. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in tissue-reduced glutathione (GSH) with a marked increase in the tissue hydroxyproline content and TGF-β% in the liver and kidney. Also, hepatorenal intoxication was confirmed by histopathological examination compared with the control group. Treatment with GA or GG showed significant recovery (p...
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