Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2021 in |
Ophthalmologists generally treat ocular infections by giving prophylactic anti-microbial therapy as they do not have data from culture analysis. The indiscriminate use of anti-microbials can lead to drug resistance, difficulty in treating infections, and increased chances of severe ocular damage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of anti-microbial drugs in the ophthalmology department at a tertiary care hospital. This is an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Details of total 740 prescriptions were collected from out-patient records and analyzed. The total 740 prescriptions, 56.4% were males, and 43.6% were females. The highest number of patients was in the age group of 61-70 years. Post-operative cataract cases were in maximum (51.9%) followed by conjunctivitis (15.3%). A total of 846 anti-microbial drugs were analyzed from 740 prescriptions. Average number of anti-microbials per prescription was 1.15. Eye drops were the most commonly prescribed dosage formulation. Moxifloxacin was the most commonly prescribed anti-microbial drug as monotherapy. The most commonly prescribed fixed-dose combination was gatifloxacin plus prednisolone. The...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2021 in |
The main objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate the simvastatin noisome using different grades of nonionic surfactants. It was hypothesized that niosomes would increase in vitro release of simvastatin in comparison to the API Mumbai. Niosome were prepared by thin-film hydration method and evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, PDI, and in vitro release. The different niosomes shows various mean particle size, but Span 60 containing Niosomes have higher particle size than Span 80. Both optimized formulations of Span 60 and Span 80 have particle size 225.40 and 261.4. The PDI, entrapment efficiency of these optimized formulations was found to be 0.153, 0.167 and 85.72 ± 2.10, 81.44 ± 3.83, respectively. Niosomes prolonged the release of Simvastatin and provided a sustained release pattern. From the current study, it may be concluded that formulation F2 containing 2:1 (Span 60: Cholesterol) and F8 containing 1:3 (Span 60: Cholesterol) were found to be high % of entrapment efficiency and desired sustained release of simvastatin. Span 60 is a...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2021 in |
A Simple, sensitive, precise, and stability-indicating method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan & Metformin HCl in bulk & prepared formulation. The column used for the separation was Phenomenex C18 (150 × 4.6, 5 µ), with a mobile phase containing Phosphate buffer pH 3.6 & acetonitrile (30:70% v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The retention time of Telmisartan was 6.098 min & Metformin HCl was 2.828 min, respectively. The detection of drugs was carried out at 249 nm. The linearity was carried out at 10-60 µg/ml for Telmisartan & Metformin HCl, in bulk and prepared tablet dosage form. LOD and LOQ were calculated as 0.773 µg/ml and 1.286 µg/ml for Telmisartan, 2.345 µg/ml, and 3.898 µg/ml for Metformin HCl. The drugs were stressed in conditions such as Acidic, Basic, Thermal, Photolytic, and oxidative conditions. All the developed parameters were within the acceptance criteria of ICH guidelines. The developed method was simple, precise, specific, robust and rapid for the quality control analysis for simultaneous determination of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2021 in |
A simple, linear, precise, and economical UV spectro-photometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The standard stock solutions were prepared by using methanol as solvent. Estimation of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir was conducted by using a simultaneous equation method based on the measurement of Maximum absorbance at two wavelengths. The maximum absorbance was found at 261 nm for sofosbuvir and velpatasvir at 303 nm, respectively. The linearity was found in the concentration range of (5.0 μg/mL- 30.0 μg/mL) for sofosbuvir and (2.5 μg/mL-20.0 μg/mL) for velpatasvir with correlation coefficient of 0.996 for sofosbuvir and 0.994 for velpatasvir, respectively. Regression equation for sofosbuvir and velpatasvir were y = 0.0198x – 0.0061, y = 0.0225x + 0.029. The % accuracy was within the range of 98.04- 101.70%, and precision (%RSD) was found to be < 2. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the assay of marketing...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2021 in |
Phytotherapeutical properties of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) are well known and used in Bosnia and Herzegovina traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different ethanolic extracts from wild blackthorn flowers, leaves and fruits, obtained by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted maceration. The mineral profile has been identified using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plant samples were collected from three areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to detect antioxidant activity of extracts, DPPH assay was carried out. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher for flower and fruit extract than leaf extracts, regardless of the extraction method used. Ethanolic extracts show significant antimicrobial activity against all analyzed bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against Candida albicans). Blackthorn fruits contained high mass fractions of some essential minerals on dry mass basis, including K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, and Cu. Blackthorn flower, leaf and fruit extracts exhibit a high...
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