Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The present study deals with the phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of hydroalcohol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava. The antimicrobial activity was measured by the agar well diffusion method. Gastric volume, pH, total and free acidity and the ulcerative index was also measured in hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava on gastric ulcer pyloric ligation in rat. Glycosides, terpenoids, and tannins are only present in the hydro alcohol extract. The extracts are tested against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition against microorganisms is direct proportional to the concentration of extract. Maximum zone of inhibition (24mm) against Staphylococcus aureus except hexane extract was seen. Psidium guajava leaves show maximum phytochemicals compounds and inhibition of microorganisms in hydroalcoholic extract. So the hydroalcoholic extraction was used for anti-ulcer activity. The present study was performed in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model in albino rats in which the ability of hydroalcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava was tested at...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The new pandemic virus identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the etiological agent responsible for the pneumonia outbreak that ended with respiratory failure. The main protease (MPRO) is a key enzyme for SARS-CoV-2, which plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for this virus. Here, we determine the mechanism-based for binding and interactions between the reported caspase inhibitors and MPRO, by computer-aided drug design molecular docking. In addition to the prediction of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and drug-likeness profile in-silico as well as reviewing the previously reported antiviral activity of the caspase inhibitors and how could the viruses get an advantage from the apoptosis process. Molecular operating environment is used for docking between thirteen reported caspase inhibitors compounds and SARS-COV-2 main protease using HWH (~ {N}- [2- (5- fluoranyl-1~ {H}-indol-3-yl) ethyl] ethanamide) as a reference. The results have shown that almost all of the reported anti-caspase compounds revealed acceptable binding with good docking scores and favorable in-silico pharmacokinetic profile that...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Sida spinosa L. (HYSS) in colitis induced in rats by intrarectal administration of TNBS by clinical, morphological and biochemical alterations. The HYSS administered at three different concentrations 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg, p.o) as reference standard for 10 days in colitis induced rats. TNBS administration caused induction of colitis resulting in significant reduction in percentage body weight, increased stool consistency score, macroscopic score, colon weight, weight to length ratio, ulcer area, ulcer index etc. It also caused elevation of oxidative stress i.e. increased MDA, MPO level and depleted GSH level. It also resulted in histological changes in colon architecture suggestive of extensive mucosal damage associated with intermittent inflammatory changes and infiltration of inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa. HYSS at 200 & 400 mg/kg significantly restores loss of percent body weight, reduced stool consistency score, ameliorate macroscopic changes, histological changes, colon weight to length ratio, ulcer index, reduced MPO, MDA level and...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Pharmacological screening of selective phytochemicals for common skin allergic disorder, which is defined by the occurrence of itchy and even painful wheels, angioedema or erthyma (Urticaria). The main cause of allergic reactions is chemicals, certain foods, insect stings, which often lead to the cause of histamine release, then the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) leak fluid. For induction of urticaria (BA & CA) were selected; they cause the NICU on animal skin whenever they contact the skin. Healthy adult guinea pigs weighing 300-400 gm, were selected for the present study, totally 5 groups each contains five guinea pigs. Those groups were considered as group-1 (Disease control), group-2 (standard), group-3 (Vehicle control), group-4 (test-1) and group 5 (test-2). Parameters such as ear thickness, redness, itching, swelling and time taken for reducing swelling was recorded. Topical application of Benzoic acid and Cinnamon acid to all groups, those animals produced signs of urticaria, which is characterized by redness, itching, swelling. A dose dependent increase in ear thickness was observed in disease control. Topical...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of taurine and melatonin against caffeine-induced brain damage in rats. 36 male albino rats were divided into 6 groups: Group I: control, group II: Rats received 20 mg/kg melatonin for 28 days. Group III: Rats received 50 mg/kg taurine dissolved in distilled water daily for 28 days. Group IV: Rats received 50 mg/kg caffeine dissolved in distilled water for 28 days. Group V: Rats received melatonin as described in group II in concomitant with caffeine, as described in group IV. Group VI: Rats received taurine as described in group III in concomitant with caffeine, as described in group IV. Caffeine-induced rats showed significantly increased brain lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were significantly decreased. Monoamine neurotransmitters, gene and protein expression levels of p53 and Bax were significantly increased in the brain of caffeine-induced rats. In contrast, caffeine administration down-regulated Bcl-2 both gene and protein expression in the brain of rats. DNA damage were detected in caffeine...
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