Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic solutions is very poor due to efficient protective mechanisms of the eye, blinking, reflex lachrymation, and drainage, which remove rapidly various foreign substances, including drug, from the surface of the eye. Frequent installation of a drug solution is necessary to maintain a therapeutic drug level in the tear or at the site of action. The recent trends in ocular drug delivery are in-situ gelling systems, occuserts, dry drops, and gel foams. Acyclovir is a potent antiviral drug of low toxicity. Acyclovir has low oral bioavailability and a short half-life. In the present research work, Acyclovir in-situ gelling systems were prepared by using temperature triggered polymer. The formulations were evaluated for several parameters like drug-polymer interaction, clarity, pH measurement, drug content (%), gelling capacity, gelation temperature, viscosity, sterility, isotonicity, in-vitro drug release studies, eye irritation, and short term stability studies. At low temperature, the prepared formulations were in a liquid state, however as the Pluronic F-127 present in the prepared formulation comes in contact with...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic potential of isolated phytoconstituent umbelliferone against Pheretima Posthuma (Indian earthworm). Methods: Three different concentrations (10, 20, 30 mg/ml in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of umbelliferone were prepared, and six worms of similar type were placed in it. Observations were made for the time taken for paralysis and death of the individual worm. Meantime required for the paralysis (P) in min was noted when no movement of any sort could be observed, except when the worm was shaken vigorously; death time (D) in min was recorded after confirmation with lack of movement when shaken vigorously/ dipped in warm water (50 °C). Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard. Results: Umbelliferone demonstrated paralysis as well as the death of worms, especially at a higher concentration of 30 mg/ml in a shorter time as compared to reference drug Piperazine citrate. Conclusion: In the present study, Umbelliferone was tested for its anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. Various concentrations were used...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that causes a heavy epidemic disease burden worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the presence of mecA gene as a virulence factor of S. aureus isolates from clinical isolates and hospital staff nasal carriers using a conventional PCR. A cross-sectional study involving eighty-one S. aureus isolates, 60 clinical isolates, and 21 nasal swabs from hospital staff was conducted from January 2018 to April 2018. The samples were processed using standard microbiological procedures. The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed using the Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method for cefoxitin (30 μg), Oxacillin (5 μg), Gentamicin (10 µg), Ciprofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20 + 10 μg), fusidic acid (10 μg) and Vancomycin (30 µg) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The presence of the mecA gene in MRSA was detected by PCR. A total of 60 clinical samples were collected and analyzed; 42 (70%) resulted in Methicillin resistant and positive for mecA gene, and 18 (30%)...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The present LC-MS/MS method for estimation of Nitecapone in human plasma using Tolcapone as an internal standard is established and validated as per FDA guidelines. A good response was obtained with ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm) and mobile phase with a mixture of 0.01 M Ammonium phosphate buffer with pH adjusted to 5.0 with OPA and Acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min by positive ion mode (API 4000) with an injection volume of 20 µL and a run time of 3.0 min. Detection is performed by atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. The precursor to product ion transitions is m/z 266.20 to 156.20 for Nitecapone and m/z 274.20 to 183.10 for Tolcapone (Internal standard) were used for quantization. The retention time of Nitecapone and Tolcapone (Internal standard) were found to be 2.12 min and 2.58 min, respectively. Linearity established for Nitecapone in the range of 50 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL with...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Chlorthalidone is a long-acting diuretic recommended for treatment of oedema associated with congestive heart failure. It is oral active diuretic mainly acting on distal convoluted tubule of nephron. Chlorthalidone is poorly soluble in water at room temperature. Nanoparticles have great potential as a carrier and can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs like chlorthalidone. The aim of the present study was to formulate and optimize the chlorthalidone nanoparticles using Box-Behnken factorial design approach. Effect of three independent variables (concentration of polymer, amount of surfactant and ultrasonication frequency) on two dependent variables such as particle size and dissolution of the drug was studied. The nanoparticles of chlorthalidone were formulated by anti-solvent precipitation-ultrasonication-freeze drying technology to improve its solubility and dissolution. The samples were characterized using Horiba nanoparticles analyzer, Zeta potential analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The average particle size of 342.5 nm with a Polydispersibility index 0.158 was confirmed by dynamic light scattering....
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