Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
Chlorpyrifos is one of the commonly detected pesticides found in food and water. Extensive use of it in agriculture and its persistence in the environment have raised public concern to overcome the pollution and toxicity problems. Exposure to chlorpyrifos poses several harmful effects to animal and human health. And the pathology in neurodegenerative diseases is mainly because of mitochondrial dysfunction. GSH depletion proceeding with mitochondrial dysfunction is therefore considered as the earliest triggering factor of neurodegeneration. In the present study using Drosophila melanogaster a fly model for human neurodegenerative disease, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos on glutathione, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial Complex I, and Complex II activities. We found that chlorpyrifos generates reactive oxygen species, diminished the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) concurrently increasing oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), this preceded with inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes such as complex I and complex II activities, ultimately leads to motor dysfunction and death of Drosophila...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) has been used in the folkloric Indian medicinal system to treat numerous health conditions. The fruits of the plant have been used in dysentery, jaundice, diabetes, hemorrhoids, leprosy, and ringworm infection. The present study aimed to establish the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous fruit extracts of Luffa acutangula was investigated in normal, glucose load conditions and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of the fruit of L. acutangula (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o.) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels from 65.2–49.4 and 68–48 mg% 2 h after oral administration of fruit extract and also significantly lowered the blood glucose in STZ diabetic rats from 67–101 and 64–89.2 mg% 21 days after daily oral administration of the extract (P < 0.001). The results suggested that the aqueous fruit extract of L. acutangula has a potential hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and authenticates the folkloric use of the plant for the management and treatment of...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
Usage of incense smoke has aesthetic importance. But, studies have shown that incense smoke has oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, which has ill effects on human health. Polyphenol analysis showed the presence of phenol-like compounds in the water extracts of the incense. This study was conducted to understand the impact of exposure of cells to these types of smokes by performing viability test using squamous epithelial cells. Different methods followed to confirm the results, and the results of these studies showed that 80% of the squamous epithelial cells survived when exposed to smoke as compared to controls (no smoke treatment). Further studies were extended on the cell lines BEAS-2B (normal lung cells) and cancerous cells EB-3 cells. Results based on the catalase assay and microscopic studies show that incense smokes have a lethal effect on the normal cells while not showing any harmful effects on cancerous cells and these studies reproduced using trypan blue...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
A series of quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized and screened for anti-inflammatory activity. 5-chloro anthranilic acid undergoes acetylation in the presence of acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate to give 5-chloro-N-acetyl anthranilic acid as intermediate-I which upon cyclization in the presence of phosphorous pentaoxide, glacial acetic acid, and para aminobenzoic acid to yield 4-[6-chloro-2- methyl-4-oxoquinazolin -3(4H)-yl] benzoic acid as intermediate-II. This resulted in intermediate-II undergo mannich base reaction to produce novel quinazolinone derivatives (Q1 – Q16) on the reaction of formaldehyde with different aromatic amines. Sixteen different quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized. Structural assignments of these compounds have been made by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data. Among the synthesized compounds Q3, Q8, and Q 15 showed high anti-inflammatory activity against standard drug Diclofenac sodium. A majority of the tested compounds had shown good consequence to moderate anti-inflammatory...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate ion-activated in-situ gel using the herbal drug catechin, a potential natural antioxidant for the treatment of glaucoma by lowering oxidative stress. A total of eight formulations were prepared and evaluated for parameters, namely physical appearance, gelling capacity, pH measurement, rheological studies, the effect of sterilization, drug content, in-vitro diffusion study, isotonicity evaluation, ocular irritancy studies, and stability test. Pre-formulation studies confirmed that the drug and polymer are compatible with each other. The XSG-2 formulation showed a maximum percentage drug release of 95.45%, which was considered as an optimized formulation and showed 5-6 folds increase in viscosity after gelation, which indicated good residence time further formulations were found to be non-irritating with no ocular toxicity and good stability. The current study results conclude that the developed catech in loaded ophthalmic in situ gel can be considered a better alternative approach to the conventional eye drop with an increase in precorneal residence time, reduced frequency of dosage, and patient compliance...
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