Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
The present work evaluates the impact of alterable manufacturing and formulation factors on the physicomechanical properties of Acetaminophen (APAP); a poorly compressible Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). By varying the amount of APAP and particle size of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), six different formulations were prepared. These formulations were compressed into tablets at different compression pressures and speeds. The porosity of the tablets was evaluated through “out-of-die” Heckel analysis. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative relationships of (i) Percentage of APAP, (ii) Compression pressures, (iii) Compression speeds, and (iv) Particle size of MCC with tablet porosity were evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA) and principle component regression (PCR). Heckel analysis revealed that increasing the ratio of APAP to MCC in the formulation adds its compressibility when the MCC particle size is similar to that of APAP. While, using large MCC particle size increases the compressibility due to fragmentation of particles, using MCC of small particle size increases the compressibility to a higher extend. The PCA indicated that the percentage of APAP, compression...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Gentisic acid (2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a diphenolic compound, present abundantly in natural sources. It possesses several pharmacological activities such as nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, etc. However, the available literature on oral absorption of gentisic acid is scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of gentisic acid. A single dose in-vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats. Gentisic acid was administered at 50 mg/kg, either orally or by intravenous route. Blood samples were withdrawn at designated time intervals (0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-dose), and plasma was separated. A method for the evaluation of gentisic acid in the plasma was developed and validated. The plasma levels of gentisic acid were determined by HPLC using the validated method. The Cmax for oral administration was 312 µg/mL, and Tmax was at 0.083 h. The plasma exposure AUClast values for oral and i.v route of administration were comparable (Oral: 765 h*µg/mL; I.V.: 770 h*µg/mL), indicating similar bioavailability. The...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Drug resistance mutations M184V and M184I are associated with lamivudine. Y181C and H221Y drug resistance mutations are associated with nevirapine and efavirenz and G190R and M230I drug resistance mutations are associated with efavirenz in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-1. In the present study, we attempted to identify the drug resistance mutations and interacting amino acids in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-1 through a molecular docking approach. Molecular docking of first-line antiretroviral drugs like lamivudine, nevirapine, and efavirenz with wild and mutant type structures was performed using MTi auto dock to compare the binding behaviour of drugs with amino acids of the reverse transcriptase gene. The receptor structure preparation was performed by the University of California, San Francisco chimera (UCSF Chimera). The Ligplot program was used to plot the 2D interaction diagrams of protein-ligand complexes. The 3D models of the mutant-drugs were generated using PyMOL (PyMOL molecular graphics system). The clear bond interactions were visualized with Discovery Studio 3.5 (BIOVIA, USA). Thus, these findings suggest that mutations in...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Anemia is defined as a decreased hemoglobin level or circulating red blood cells, and it is the most common hematological disorder during pregnancy. The study was aimed to review the prevalence of anemia in pregnant and lactating women and to find out the correlation between educational status and prevalence of anemia if any. A Concurrent Observational study was carried out Using a Case Sheet of the In-patient and Out-Patient of Parul Sevasharam Hospital during a period of six months. Among 115 women, the majority of anemic women were in the age of 21-25 years. The present study showed that the prevalence of moderate anemia (42.60%) among pregnant and lactating women was high. The lower socio economic status (64.35%), low level of education were associated for high prevalence of anemia, and the majority of antenatal women were primigravida (37.39%) and were in the third trimester (77.39%) of pregnancy. The majority of women took iron supplements (42.31%) during pregnancy; all the hematinics (41.53%) were prescribed in oral route. Study suggests an...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Yemen is located on the southwestern brink of the Arabian Peninsula. The methanolic and aqueous crude extracts of two Yemeni traditional medicinal plants Myrtus communis L. and Flemingia grahamiana Wight & Arn were evaluated for antibacterial activity in-vitro by Well- diffusion method against six bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical samples), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, in Aurangabad city, India. Four concentrations for each extract (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/well) were used. The results of antibacterial activity of methanol extracts at (10 mg/well) concentration of Myrtus communis and Flemingia grahamiana showed maximum zone of inhibition (25.2mm, and 25.7mm) against P. mirabilis and S. aureus, respectively. Extracts of Flemingia grahamiana have not shown inhibition zones against K. pneumonia and E. coli (ATCC 25922). The MIC was tested at a range of concentrations from 25 mg/ml to 0.781 mg/ml for each plant extract. M. communis extracts showed the highest values with MIC of 0.781 for all isolates except E. coli. Also, MIC...
Read More
