Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
This study was aimed to identify the possible bioactive chemical constituents of the state tree of Rajasthan, i.e., Prosopis cineraria L. (locally called Khejri) by GC-MS analysis using the GC-MS equipment (Shimadzu GCMSQP2010). For this purpose, the ethanolic extract of P. cineraria pods were used. Experimental conditions of the GC-MS system were as follows: Rtx-5MS capillary standard non-polar column, dimension: 30m, ID: 0.25 mm, Film: 0.25 µm was used, and flow rate of mobile phase (carrier gas: He) was set at 1.0 ml/min. Crude samples that were dissolved in methanol were run fully at a range of 40-550 m/z, and the results were compared by using NIST Library. GC-MS analysis of an ethanolic extract of pods led to the identification of 32 compounds viz. Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene, 4, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-vi (30.47%), 5-Isopropyl-2methylbicyclo [3.1.0] hexan-2-ol(19.38%), (-)-.beta. –Bourbonene (10.62%), 3-O-Methyl- d-glucose (5.04%), Kessane (4.01%), Thunbergol (3.65%), alfa.-Copaene (2.23%). There is not much information available on the phytochemical constituents of P. cineraria pods. This is the first attempt to investigate the GC-MS analysis of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Plant drugs enjoy much acclaim and worldwide acceptability even in the midst of amazing advancements in modern medicine. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves an approach combining botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological techniques. In the present study, we selected the root bark of the plant Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. belonging to the family Moraceae, to establish its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant property, and cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical evaluation of the total ethanolic extract (TEE) obtained showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic, flavonoids, amino acid, terpenoids, etc. The TEE was fractionated using solvents in the increasing order of polarity, i.e., petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The antioxidant studies were conducted by DPPH and ABTS methods on chloroform extract (CE) and ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of the root bark of A. heterophyllus Lam. The extract which showed the greatest antioxidant property (EAE) was selected for cytotoxic studies using the MTT method on HL60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia) cell lines. Both the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity studies showed promising...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The present study is designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Hydrilla verticillata on lead-induced hepatic damage in freshwater fish. The fish were treated with a sub-lethal concentration of lead acetate to induce liver damage and fed with supplementary feed containing 20% of hydrilla dry powder. After 21 days of treatment, the liver was removed, and hepatotoxicity and its prevention were analyzed. Liver marker enzymes like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP) were measured and compared with the control. Histopathological study of the liver was done to find out the protective effect of Hydrilla verticillata. The lead-induced hepatotoxicity by stimulation of ALT, AST, ACP and represented by degeneration of hepatocytes and formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Hydrilla verticillata supplementation significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced the level of hepatic enzymes and showed a protective effect on hepatocytes by normalization of degenerated and fibrotic liver tissue as of control. This study strongly confirms the hepatoprotective effect of Hydrilla verticillata against lead-induced acute liver toxicity. Hydrilla verticillata could be recommended...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The present investigation was undertaken to improve L-glutamic acid production by a biotin auxotrophic mutant Coryne-bacterium glutamicum X680. For this purpose, culture conditions were optimized. In this regard, different physical and nutritional parameters were examined. The culture was incubated in 100 ml Erlenmeyer conical flasks in an incubator with a shaker at 150rpm. Maximum production was obtained with: pH, 7.0; period of incubation, 72h; volume of medium, 30ml; size of inoculum, 4% (8 × 106 cells); age of inoculum, 48 h; temperature, 30 ºC; glucose, 12g%; urea, 1g%; calcium carbonate, 4g%; biotin, 3µg/ml; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3g%; dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3g%; magnesium sulphate, heptahydrate, 2mg%; zinc sulphate, heptahydrate, 10µg/ml; ferrous sulphate, heptahydrate, 10 µg/ml and biotin, 3µg/ml. The production was increased significantly (p<0.01) from 7.4 mg/ml to 27.6...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Tannase (Tannin acylhydrolase E. C. 3.1.1.20) is a ubiquitous enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds of hydrolyzable tannins, releasing glucose and gallic acid. Gallic acid is used in the food industry as a substrate for the chemical synthesis of food preservatives such as gallates and pyrogallol, propyl gallate being a very important food antioxidant and in the pharmaceutical industry, for the synthesis of antibacterial drugs. Tannase is also utilized for bioremediation of effluents from tanneries. A number of bacteria and fungus has been reported to produce tannase, but tannase-producing actinomycetes have not been reported. So, the present study was undertaken to isolate actinomycetes with the ability to produce tannase enzyme. A total of 30 microorganisms was isolated by enrichment culture technique using tannin as carbon source. The tannase producing strain AT 9 was selected based on the zone of tannic acid hydrolysis. AT 9 was identified as Streptomyces gancidicus based on 16s rRNA. Streptomyces gancidicus showed maximum tannase production when cultured in mineral medium using 4...
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