Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The natural physiological functioning of an organism gets disturbed on exposure to toxicant stress. Toxicants affect first at cellular levels. It ultimately causes physiological, pathological, and biochemical alterations in an organism. Present study λ-Cyhalothrin of 5% EC formulation pyrethroid was used static renewal bioassay to evaluate 96 h LC50 in the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella and it was determined at 0.026 mg/l. The exposed fish Ctenopharyngodon idella showed irregular, erratic, and darting swimming movements, rapid opercular movements, gulping of air at the surface, hyperexcitability, increased mucus secretion, loss of equilibrium and hitting to the sidewalls of the test tank and finally sinking to the bottom. 1/10th of the 96 h LC50 was taken as sub-lethal (0.0026 mg/l) concentration for oxygen consumption studies, and it was carried out for a period of 24 h, at regular intervals of 2 h. In the lethal and sub-lethal concentration, the rates of oxygen consumption were increased during the initial time of exposures, i.e., 1 to 6 h after that it was suddenly falling...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Acetaminophen (APAP), well-known as paracetamol, is a safe analgesic and antipyretic agent at a therapeutic dose. However, overdoses of APAP can induce hepatotoxicity, which in turn causes severe liver injury. Various hepatic models mimicking liver architecture have been investigated to examine the potential hepatotoxic effects of chemicals and drugs, but there is always a demand for in-vitro high-throughput hepatic platforms for measuring the hepatotoxicity. This study aims to provide a simple, easy to fabricate and work, a micro-space three-dimensional (3D) scaffold culture system as an in-vitro model for APAP induced hepatotoxicity studies on hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HCC – HepG2 and Huh-7). A silicon mould based template was used to cast out polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hexagonal scaffolds. Cytotoxicity was performed by MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy is used to know the differences in the morphology of the cells grown on scaffolds. mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expressions were demonstrated through qRT-PCR technique. This study examined the characteristics and usefulness of HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines grown on the PDMS scaffold...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate phytoformulation prepared from the ethanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia. Vernonia elaeagnifolia whole plant was collected and extracted with ethanol by soxhlation. Dried ethanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia was used to formulate the nanosuspension by homogenization method to enhance the bioavailability of phytoconstituents by increasing its solubility. Nano suspension of Vernonia elaeagnifolia (NS-VE, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was evaluated for particle size, polydispersed index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).NS-VE was screened for antihyperlipidemic activity with propylthiouracil induced and triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia models in rats. The average particle size of NS-VE was found to be 0.027µm, PDI 60% (0.026 µm), 5mV zeta potential, and 46% entrapment efficiency. NS-VE (at doses 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg bd.wt p.o) showed significant (p<0.01) anti-hyperlipidemic effect by reducing levels of TG, TC, LDL, VLDL and shown raised level in HDL when results were compared with normal control, disease control, and standard group. Nanosuspension of Vernonia elaeagnifolia...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Current therapies, especially synthetic drugs, often fail to bring back normal glycemic control without complications. Numerous herbal medicines are widely explored as alternative medicine in diabetes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of such herbal extracts of roots of Withania somnifera, Boerhaavia diffusa, and their combination in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Both plants are well known for their potential medicinal activities. The two plant extracts and their combination at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day were administered to dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistant animals for 10 consecutive days. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and body weights were measured for the evaluation of their anti-diabetic effect. MEWS (p<0.05), MEBD (p<0.01), and their combination (p<0.001) showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. In addition, both the extracts (p<0.05), (p<0.01), (p<0.05) (p<0.05) and their combination (p<0.01), (p<0.001), (p<0.001), (p<0.01) showed significant decrease in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL levels, and an increase in HDL...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The present work was aimed to evaluate the different properties of turmeric starch. Starch has been an endless subject of research for many years. It is an inexpensive, readily available compounds with considerable applications in the food as well as non-food. Turmeric starch was isolated from fresh rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma Caesia (Zingiberaceae). In this article, we established an easy and simple method of isolation of starch from the fresh rhizomes of turmeric species. Along with physical, physiochemical characteristics were studied like, microscopical analysis size and shape, particle size distribution (2-32 µm), molecular weight determination by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (372267g/mol), pH of turmeric starch solution (5.6), specific surface area by BET analysis (0.69 m2/gm), moisture content (15%), true density (0.568 g/cm3), Iron content (less than 10 ppm), a viscosity of starch solution (1209 cP), and gelatinization temperature (80 °C), etc. Remarkably turmeric starch has shown less consistency than other starches and temperature-dependent gelatinization property within 20 min at 80 °C. The main aim of this...
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