Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is a national harm reduction program in Malaysia that prevents opioids withdrawal, reduces cravings, and aids in the drug abuser’s recovery. Treatment retention is used as a measure of MMT effectiveness. However, it is often associated with many factors that cause premature termination. Our study aimed to analyze the percentage of loss to follow-up patients receiving MMT in the Cure and Care Service Centre (Chow Kit, Malaysia) and identify the factors that affected treatment non-retention. Data collection was obtained from 335 medical profiles of patients to assess the percentage of non-retention and analyze the factors associated with involuntary and voluntary termination. Data analysis was carried out using SSPS version 24 and Microsoft Excel 2011. Majority of the patients were male (n=141), aged between 41 and 60 years old (n = 93) and Malay (n=112). Our findings demonstrated a high percentage of non-retention among MMT patients, where 50.7% and 48% of the factors had caused involuntary and voluntary premature termination, respectively. Involuntary termination from treatment was...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis or nucleic acid replication. The antibiotic must have access to and bind to its bacterial target site. Whether antibiotic resistance is intrinsic or acquired, the genetic determinants of resistance encode specific biochemical resistance mechanism that may include enzymatic inactivation of the drug, alteration to the structure of the antibiotic target site and changes that prevent access of an adequate concentration of the antimicrobial agents to the active site. Klebsiella organisms are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Current evidence implicates plasmids as the primary source of the resistance genes. The susceptibility pattern of different antibiotics to ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from urine samples and they found that most of the infection caused by E. coli (61.29%) found to be most common bacteria in urinary tract infection followed by Klebsiella spp. (45.16%). Isolates were highly resistance to gentamicin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin, and amikacin. gentamicin showed resistance against E. coli and Klebsiella spp were 89.47% and 85.71% respectively. While tetracyclin and ampicillin showed...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Two series of pyridazinone derivatives, 6-(aryl)-2-(substituted methyl)-4,5-dihydro (2H) pyridazin-3-one derivatives (3a-8a and 3b-8b) were synthesized by reacting 6-phenyl substituted 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro pyridazin-3-one (2a and 2b) with cyclic secondary amine under Mannich reaction conditions. These final compounds (3a-8a and 3b-8b) were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy) and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method. Most of the compounds were showed significant anti-tubercular activity. Compounds (7a and 7b) were showed maximum antitubercular activity with 6.25 μg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and compounds (4a, 5a, 8a and 3b, 4b, 6b, 8b) were exhibited 12.5 μg/ml MIC value and other remaining compounds (3a, 6a and 5a) were found less potent (12.5 μg/ml) MIC value than the reference drugs when compared with reference drugs [pyrizinamide (3.125 μg/ml)] and (streptomycin 6.25 μg/ml) MIC values. Among the synthesized pyridazinone derivatives, compound (7a and 7b) emerged as a lead compound with good anti-tubercular activity. These biological activities differences mainly depend on the different type...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent pathogenic conditions which affect around 6% of the world population. Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperaminoacidemia, and hypoinsulinemia. Although, there are different approaches to minimize the ill effects of diabetes and its complications, herbal formulations are favored due to lesser side effects and low cost. Both Momordica charantia and Stevia rebaudiana are reported to possess the anti-diabetic, however their synergistic or combined effects are unclear. The perception of polyherbalism is given in Sharangdhar Samhita: Ayurvedic literature, which dates back to around 1300 AD. Polyherbal treatment improves the therapeutic efficacy and balances the concentrations of individual herbs, thereby reducing adverse events. This research aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the polyherbal dose of Momordica charantia and Stevia rebaudiana against their individual doses, the disease control group and the standard drug Glibenclamide. This research also presents the comparative study among the individual and combined doses of Momordica charantia and Stevia rebaudiana for their anti-diabetic...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Fast disintegrating tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, particularly the fast disintegrating tablet drug delivery systems formulated with natural polymers have more demand because natural materials are easily available, easy to administer, non-toxic and non-irritant nature etc. The main aim of the present study was to formulate the fast dissolving tablet of Ofloxacin using Hibiscus leaves and Okra fruit dried mucilage. The results obtained from the natural polymer were compared with the synthetic super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate. Ofloxacin in an antibacterial drug used to treat various infections and having bitter taste. Its bitter taste is first masked by entrapping it into microspheres using Eudragit RL 100 polymer. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release and bitterness threshold. The selected microspheres were directly compressed into the tablets. The orodispersible tablets using different super disintegrants with varying concentrations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, drug content, disintegration time and drug release. FTIR and DSC study of drug...
Read More
