Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
A simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry method was developed to perform a stability study of diltiazem and its metabolites in human plasma using various buffer reagents at a different strength. The method was applied for the quantification of diltiazem and its two major metabolites N-desmethyl diltiazem and desacetyl diltiazem in human plasma. The analytes were separated using a binary solvent delivery mode on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by Mass Spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective (M+H)+ ions, m/z 415.05/178.03 for diltiazem, m/z 401.09/150.04 for N-desmethyl diltiazem m/z 373.21/108.85 for desacetyl diltiazem, m/z 419.22/314.0 for diltiazem-D4 (internal standard). The linearity was 0.93 to 250.10 ng/mL for diltiazem, 0.24 to 64.00 ng/mL for N-desmethyl diltiazem and 0.15 to 40.69 ng/mL for desacetyl diltiazem in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 0.93 ng/mL, 0.24 ng/mL and 0.15 ng/mL for diltiazem, N-desmethyl diltiazem, and desacetyl diltiazem, respectively. The plasma samples buffered with 1% of 0.1 M NaF solution was able to limit...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Background: Herbal extracts have been used in dental products for many years owing to their anti-adherence effect on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the biofilm formation. Dental caries are developed by the colonization of oral bacteria on the surface of teeth and adherence is the first step in the colonization process. Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the anti-biofilm effect of the various combinations of herbal extracts and essential oils against S. mutans which play a central role in causing dental caries. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of Terminalia chebula (T. chebula), Psidium guajava (P. guajava), Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) were prepared separately and dried. Various combinations of herbal extracts, as well as essential oils Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Mentha piperita (Peppermint oil), were tested for anti-biofilm potential on the glass surface. The number of adhering bacteria (CFU/ml) was determined by the plate count method. Results: It was found that all extract combinations and essential oils have shown anti-biofilm activity. The 2:2:1:1...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid, commonly found in bran, grain, brown rice, fruits such as plums, gooseberries, grapes and also in onion peels. A new, simple, precise, accurate and sensitive stability-indicating HPTLC method for Protocatechuic acid was successfully developed. This method is based on HPTLC separation followed by UV detection at 258 nm. The HPTLC method is used to determine the presence and quantify the protocatechuic acid in onion peel extract. The separation was carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets precoated with silica gel 60F254 using Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic acid (6:6:1.2 v/v/v) as a mobile phase and scanning was done by using TLC Scanner III. Protocatechuic acid gave well defined and sharp peak at Rf 0.52 ± 0.03 at 258 nm. The calibration curve was linear in range 100-500 ng/band. Protocatechuic acid was subjected to stress conditions like hydrolysis under acidic, basic and neutral conditions, oxidation, heat, and...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCl) is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, it’s widely in active duodenum ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis. Ranitidine HCl has a short biological half-life of drug 2 – 3 h, has 50% absolute bioavailability, colonic metabolism of ranitidine HCl was partly responsible for the poor bioavailability. Based on these, gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) using floating-mucoadhesive system dosage form of Ranitidine HCl has been developed that makes less frequent administering of the drug also improve bioavailability. Factorial design 23 was applied to optimize the formula of ranitidine HCl floating-mucoadhesive tablet by the varying level of polymer, it was chitosan 50 – 100 mg as a mucoadhesive agent, HPMC K4M 20 – 50 mg as a swelling agent, and drug release controlled, and sodium bicarbonate 20 – 40 mg as gas generating agent. The optimum formula determined by superimposed contour plot from various parameters: physical properties of granule, tablet, and drug release 6 h using a design expert ® program. Based on...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
The objective of the present investigation was the bioprospection of pharmaceutically vital bioactive compounds from endophytic Thielaviopsis basicola with antagonistic and antioxidant activity isolated from Ximenia americana, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. The fresh and healthy leaves and roots of Ximenia americana were collected from the forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka, India and submerged for the enumeration and Purification of fungal endophytes by using different media. Isolated fungal endophytes were processed for the bioprospection of pharmaceutically vital bioactive compounds by referring to standard protocols. At a glance, endophyte derived bioactive compounds were used in-vitro antagonistic and antioxidant activity. A total of 32 pure isolates were obtained, 8 morphologically distinct fungal endophytes were identified from 200 explants of X. americana. Endophytic Thielaviopsis basicola was a core candidate identified and cultivated in submerged fermentation in potato dextrose broth under the controlled condition at 25 ℃ ± 2℃ for 15 days in incubator shaker. From this fermented medium, 3.30 g of aqueous crude extract per 100 ml of potato dextrose broth...
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