Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Dandruff is the excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp, apparently caused by a fungus called Malassezia restricta and M. globosa. Malassezia formerly called Pityrosporum is a yeast causing infection of skin and scalp. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil that is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and terminal branches of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae). Tea tree oil shows promise as a topical antifungal agent, with recent clinical data indicating efficacy in the treatment of dandruff and oral candidiasis. In the present research, niosomal vesicles were selected for tea tree oil delivery because of their penetration enhancing ability. Niosomes containing tea tree oil were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. A 32 factorial design (DOE analysis) was carried out to reduce the number of experiments. Parameters contribution was determined using a 3-D response curve. Prepared optimized batch (NB7) exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 81% and percent cumulative drug diffusion of 57.56 ± 0.092%. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed vesicular, spherical particles with a...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Green nanotechnology has recently emerged as an area of research involving more eco-friendly and energy-efficient approaches for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. The point of the present investigation is to evaluate the capacity of selected strains of freshwater Cyanobacteria (Microalgae) for their capability to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles by utilizing both live biomass of microalgae and cell-free extract by suspending in AgNO3 solution for 72 h of incubation period in both in presence of light and dark conditions. In most of the cases, silver nanoparticles were formed both in the presence of biomass as well as in the cell-free extract under continues light emission, which indicates that formation of silver nanoparticles involves an extracellular compounds. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was indicated by observing gradual colour change of the extract pale yellow to visible brownish-yellow. UV-Vis spectrophotometry study showed absorption maxima at 420-470 nm. The embedment and size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Amphotericin B is among the gold standard antifungal agents used for the treatment of the wide range of fungal infections. Work aimed to formulate the amphotericin B (AmB) ethosomal gel (EF), evaluate its antifungal activity against fungal isolates of human origin and compare its antifungal activity with marketed liposomal gel (MLG). AmB ethosomal gel (EF) was formulated and characterized for their physical appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, zeta potential, in-vitro diffusion study and in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal study. The results showed that pH value was within acceptable limits (6.2 ± 0.021). EF showed better spreadability than MLG. EF showed highest drug content (97.3 ± 0.43 %) than that of MLG (76 ± 0.32%), better spreadability and more negative zeta potential to confirm the stability of the formulation. AmB EF showed the highest zone of inhibition (28 ± 0.20 mm), in contrast to MLG (24 ± 0.13 mm) against Candida species. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed effective therapeutic potential against Candida albicans induced dermal mycosis. Result of this...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Diclofenac sodium in the chocolate dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Diclofenac sodium was achieved on waters alliance-e2695, by using waters symmetry C18, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm, column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid & ACN in the ratio of 30:70% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 275 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-75 µg/ml. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Diclofenac sodium was NLT 2000 and were not more than two, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Diclofenac sodium and study of its...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
In this research, ciprofloxacin adsorption (CIP) onto graphene oxide synthesized with Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-GO) was applied via various adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature and initial CIP concentration. The results showed that the percentage removal of CIP decreases from 98.1 to %77.4, as the CIP concentration increases from 25 to 200 mg/L. Also, the amount of CIP adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent increased from 49.25 to 309.6 mg/g with increasing in CIP concentration from 25 to 200 mg/L. The results showed that the adsorption was accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model. Under different temperature, the CIP maximum adsorption on Fe3O4-GO calculated by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and were 197 mg/g (273 K), 191.6 mg/g (288 K), 182.2 mg/g (303 K) and 172.6 mg/g (318 K). Also, the results showed the existence of three steps during the adsorption process. The first stage was the transport of CIP molecule from the adsorbents external surface to the pores of the adsorbent internal structure. The second stage is the transport of CIP molecule from the...
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