Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a major lifestyle disease often seen with comorbidities or complications. This study is conducted to find out the gender-wise prevalence of comorbidities and medication adherence among the diabetics in Malappuram. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 179 diabetics selected for the study. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect information about their socio-demographic details, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and awareness on complications. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure of each patient were recorded. Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio and Household Dietary Diversity Score were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The selected diabetics comprised of 46.4% males and 53.6% females. Around 91% of them were sedentary workers. Early-onset of diabetes at the age of 35-45 years was reported among males (p<0.05). Blood sugar monitoring, insulin usage, and exercise were higher among males while the medication regularity was higher among females. Higher prevalence of obesity (62.5%), hypertension (53.1%) and hypercholesterolemia (59.5%) were observed among the female diabetics. The prevalence of retinopathy (15.7%)...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
Objective: The purpose of the present study to develop gastro-retentive drug delivery formulation for enhancing GRT, including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges like poor bioavailability. Methods: Floating microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation (oil-in-water emulsion) technique. In this 225 mg poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were dissolved in a mixture of dimethylformamide and dichloromethane (1:1) at room temperature. And 75 mg nizatidine hydrochloride was added in the above mixture. This was poured into 250 ml water containing 0.02% tween 80, maintained at a temperature 30 – 40 ºC and subsequent stirred at ranging agitation speed for 20 min to allow the volatile solvent to evaporate. The microspheres formed were filtered, washed with water and dried in vacuum. Results: The prepared floating microspheres were characterized in a different way like size distribution 131.4 ± 1.6 µm and 89.5 ± 1.4% entrapment...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
Background: Chloramphenicol capsules are found in several brands with different prices in the market. This study aimed to obtain in-vitro biopharmaceutics quality data from the generic and branded name products. Methods: Ten products were selected, consisted of 3 generics (A, B and C) and 7 branded names (D, E, F, G, H, I and J); F was chosen as an innovator. The dissolution test was performed by using the basket method in medium 0.01 N HCl pH 1.28 ± 0.05; the analysis was done using spectrophotometer UV-Visible at 277.6 nm. The dissolution profiles were analyzed using a kinetic equation and similarity factor. AnX-ray diffraction analysis was done to confirm the results. Results: There were no significant differences in the amount dissolves in 20 minutes between the innovator and other products (p>0.05). Products A, C, H, I and J were similar with the innovator; the f2 values were 54.82; 50.74; 66.16; 91.34 and 51.35% respectively. Other products (B, D, E, and G) were not similar. The diffractogram showed similar pattern...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
The microbial pigments have more applications than synthetic pigments and are easily biodegradable and safe to use. Among all bacteria, the anoxygenic phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria have more applications and can synthesize different pigments. In this present study, bacterial carotenoids were isolated from the two novel strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and evaluated its applications. The antibacterial activity was studied by zone inhibition method. The pigment A1 and A2 showed more antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In-vitro antioxidant activity of bacterial pigments and bacterial extracts were evaluated by DPPH assay. The pigment A2 and Rp. KRPR02 showed more radical scavenging activity. The percentage inhibition of DPPH radical for pigment A2 (82.74 ± 4.49) and bacterial extract of Rp. KRPR02 bacteria (83.33 ± 5.46) is almost nearer to the percentage inhibition of DPPH radical for standard (ascorbic acid) which is 96.41 ± 1.81. In-vitro cytotoxic activity was studied by MTT assay and found that the pigments showed cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line, DU145 cell line, MCF7 cell...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
In the present study, the pharmaceutical and therapeutic dimensions of Shankha Bhasma (Classical Ayurvedic marine medicine) is explored as a substitute for calcium supplements available in the market. Shankha Bhasma was prepared & standardized by Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedure accordingly in Rasa Tarangini (a classical 20th-century book on Ayurvedic pharmaceutical medicine). Conch shell (Shankha) was subjected to bio-fomentation (Swedana) in a precise heating container (Dolayantra) containing lemon juice for 12 h. Further, triturated with Aloe vera juice (Kumari Swarasa) for bio-impregnation (Bhavana) and subjected to the controlled quantum of heat (Marana) in the sealed earthen saucer at 700 °C for 2 h, till all the classical and contemporary quality parameters about bio-metallic medicinal powder (Bhasma) was assured. On completion, average weight loss was 17-21%. The final product obtained was calcite form of CaCO3 and calcium oxide hydrate (CaO.H2O). This paper explores scientific evidence of ancient Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedures in terms of bio-fomentation, bio-impregnation, transfer mechanism of quantum of heat along with the principles of fluid mechanics &...
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