Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
A series of hydrazide-hydrazones (3a-o) have been synthesized by the reaction of acid hydrazide (2) which is obtained from 4-carbomethoxy-2-aminophenol with aromatic acid through multi-steps. The bioactivities of the final compounds were tested with MES and scPTZ methods. The CNS toxicity was studied by the rotarod experiment. Based on the results, compounds 3d and 3o were found to be most active at 30 mgkg-1 in the MES test with prolonged duration of action; they exhibited activity comparable to standard drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine. Compounds 3f, 3j and 3m exposed toxicity (300 mgkg-1) at 0.5 h of the time period and compounds 3i, 3n and 3o exhibited late toxicity after 4.0 h as compared to carbamazepine. The rest of the compounds did not face toxicity at a maximum dose level (300 mgkg-1). This study shows that increased lipophilicity is directly related to the anticonvulsant activity. Further studies need to be carried out on other seizure tests and models of epilepsy to ascertain the precise mechanism of action of these...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
This work proposes a precise, accurate, sensitive and selective stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in bulk powder and oral suspension formulations. Chromatographic separation was performed on the reverse phase C18 analytical column using 0.1M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate–methanol (65:35, v/v) as mobile phase and with detection at 235 nm. The retention times of amoxicillin and enrofloxacin were 3.364 min and 6.604 min, respectively. The linearity ranges were found to be 38.5-115.5-10 µg/ml (for amoxicillin) and 17.5-52.50 µg/ml (for enrofloxacin). The developed method was validated following International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All validation parameters are fulfilled by the proposed method. Amoxicillin and enrofloxacin was subjected to different stress conditions like acid, alkali, oxidation, thermal, photo, and hydrolytic degradation. Both the analytes undergo degradation in all stress conditions. Since, the method effectively separated the analytes from their degradation products, it can be used as a stability-indicating...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Dandruff is the excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp, apparently caused by a fungus called Malassezia restricta and M. globosa. Malassezia formerly called Pityrosporum is a yeast causing infection of skin and scalp. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil that is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and terminal branches of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae). Tea tree oil shows promise as a topical antifungal agent, with recent clinical data indicating efficacy in the treatment of dandruff and oral candidiasis. In the present research, niosomal vesicles were selected for tea tree oil delivery because of their penetration enhancing ability. Niosomes containing tea tree oil were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. A 32 factorial design (DOE analysis) was carried out to reduce the number of experiments. Parameters contribution was determined using a 3-D response curve. Prepared optimized batch (NB7) exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 81% and percent cumulative drug diffusion of 57.56 ± 0.092%. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed vesicular, spherical particles with a...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Green nanotechnology has recently emerged as an area of research involving more eco-friendly and energy-efficient approaches for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. The point of the present investigation is to evaluate the capacity of selected strains of freshwater Cyanobacteria (Microalgae) for their capability to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles by utilizing both live biomass of microalgae and cell-free extract by suspending in AgNO3 solution for 72 h of incubation period in both in presence of light and dark conditions. In most of the cases, silver nanoparticles were formed both in the presence of biomass as well as in the cell-free extract under continues light emission, which indicates that formation of silver nanoparticles involves an extracellular compounds. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was indicated by observing gradual colour change of the extract pale yellow to visible brownish-yellow. UV-Vis spectrophotometry study showed absorption maxima at 420-470 nm. The embedment and size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Amphotericin B is among the gold standard antifungal agents used for the treatment of the wide range of fungal infections. Work aimed to formulate the amphotericin B (AmB) ethosomal gel (EF), evaluate its antifungal activity against fungal isolates of human origin and compare its antifungal activity with marketed liposomal gel (MLG). AmB ethosomal gel (EF) was formulated and characterized for their physical appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, zeta potential, in-vitro diffusion study and in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal study. The results showed that pH value was within acceptable limits (6.2 ± 0.021). EF showed better spreadability than MLG. EF showed highest drug content (97.3 ± 0.43 %) than that of MLG (76 ± 0.32%), better spreadability and more negative zeta potential to confirm the stability of the formulation. AmB EF showed the highest zone of inhibition (28 ± 0.20 mm), in contrast to MLG (24 ± 0.13 mm) against Candida species. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed effective therapeutic potential against Candida albicans induced dermal mycosis. Result of this...
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