Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
The aim of this investigation was to design and optimize the Capecitabine niosomes derived from proniosomes using central composite design. Two independent variables viz., the molar ratio of drug to cholesterol (X1), surfactant loading (X2) and two dependent variables viz., the percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and mean volume diameter (MVD) were selected for the study. Proniosomes were prepared by a conventional slurry method and evaluated for the percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and mean volume diameter (MVD). The PDE dependent variables and the transformed values of independent variables were subjected to multiple regressions to establish a second order polynomial equation. Contour plots were constructed to elucidate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables further. From the computer optimization process and contour plots, predicted levels of independent variables X1, X2 (-0.77, -0.8 respectively), for an optimum response of PDE with constraints on MVD were determined. The polynomial equations and contour plots developed using central composite design allowed us to prepare niosomes derived from proniosomes with optimum...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. The present study evaluated selected species of Gomphostemma endemic to the Western Ghats for their anti-inflammatory property. Traditionally, many species of Gomphostemma are used to treat malarial fever and inflammations caused by insect stings. Methanol extracts of Gomphostemma heyneanum var. heyneanum, G. heyneanum var. rottleri and G. eriocarpum were prepared and subjected to various in-vitro assays to examine their anti-inflammatory potential. Anti-inflammatory activity was initially screened with protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory assays. Among the three extracts screened, G. heyneanum var. heyneanum showed significant activity comparable to the standard diclofenac sodium. Further, the effective extract of G. heyneanum var. heyneanum was evaluated for its effect on LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of the extract on various inflammatory mediators like cyclooxygenase (COX), cellular nitrite and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed. The extract inhibited cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in a dose-dependent manner projecting the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. The potent phytochemicals present in the...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
In the recent development, worldwide consumption of alcohol has shot up in the past decade as a part of lavish and Gen next lifestyle changes. There have been innumerable instances of people consuming alcoholic beverages and drugs at the same time. Hence in our study, Diclofenac and Metformin were selected as representatives of highly prescribed and overused drugs. Hence, the present study was planned to design dissolution media and to study drug release of different brands of the same drugs using newly designed media. Various hydroalcoholic media were prepared. Optimization of new, chemically defined dissolution medium was done by comparison of release profiles of Metformin HCl and from Diclo IR 1, Diclo DR 2 and Diclo SR1, Diclo SR2 tablets of Diclofenac Na. The Metformin IR and Diclofenac IR tablets showed faster release in strong beer than mild beer and rum. It can be concluded that both the strength and volume play an essential role in the release pattern of IR formulations. The SR formulations of Metformin HCl and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
An accurate and precise High-Performance Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic and UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Cilnidipine, a novel generation Ca channel blocker in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Good quality chromatographic separation of Cilnidipine was carried out by using thermo scientific model C18 Column (4.6 mm i.d. × 250 mm, 5 µm particle size) (based on 99.999% ultra-high purity silica) using mobile phase consisting acetonitrile: methanol (50:50% v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The λmax of the Cilnidipine in methanol (as a solvent) was found to be 242 nm. The drug following linearity in the concentration range of 2-10 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9999 for both UV and HPLC methods. The regression equation for Cilnidipine UV method was found to be Y = 0.081x + 0.0017 and for HPLC method was Y = 25517x – 4755. LOD and LOQ were found as 0.15095 µg/mL and 0.45742 µg/mL for UV method and for HPLC method it was found to be 0.003...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Linezolid has a better choice for the eradication of both community and hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, but its use is limited because of its complications. The study elucidated the efficacy and complications of prolonged therapy of linezolid in MRSA infected rats. The rats were rendered neutropenic by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide injection given for 4 days and 5th day at a dose of 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. This neutropenia was maintained for 5 days. The neutropenic rats were injected subcutaneously with 106 CFU/ml of MRSA. The rats were divided into 3 groups. Normal control, Infected, Infected animals treated with linezolid 50 mg/kg/twice/day for 14 days. On the 15th day, the blood and liver were collected for biochemical and histopathological examination. The MRSA was confirmed by PCR assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of linezolid was 0.5-2 µg/ml. The decreased bacterial count (7.22 × 103 CFU / abscess), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), increased lactic acid, alteration in hematological parameters and liver damage were seen in...
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