Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Fixed-dose combinations have several advantages comparing with a single drug and separate agents. For simple dosing regimens and their synergistic antihypertensive action, a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium is widely prescribed. In this study, an HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method was optimized selecting chromatographic conditions of 60: 40 acetonitrile: water, ACE3-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm 5 µm), 20 µl injection volume, the flow rate of 1 ml/min at ambient temperature (25 °C), and 226 nm. The method was validated giving good precision (RSD% < 1), acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997), and low LOD and LOQ (0.5 and 1.5 µg/ml, respectively). Successful application on pharmaceutical dosage tablet form gave recovery percent within acceptance criteria (92% and above) indicating that the proposed method is simple and reliable for the determination of LOP and HCTZ and hence can be applied for routine analysis in quality control...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
The most widely used drug for analgesic and antipyretic is Paracetamol, but a change in dose at high-level yields to adverse reactions such as the toxic liver. The psychoactive compound present in alcoholic drinks is ethanol. Chronic alcohol consumption and various pathological conditions vary from basic intoxication to life-threatening pathological states. Endophytes are the microorganisms present inside the plant tissues forming a mutualistic, symbiotic and trophobiotic relationship. Endophytic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes are found in all types of vascular plants and grasses. The present study reveals the protective effects of previously isolated fractions of A2EA (ethyl acetate) and A2nB (n-butanol), from the endophyte Preussia sp. PPV3.6 (APLF-2) isolated from Andrographis paniculata leaves on Paracetamol and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity at a dose of (50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg). A2EA and A2nB (50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg) reversed the increased serum biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphate (SALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides(TG) as...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (family Plantaginaceae) is an important therapeutic glycophytic plant used in the treatment of various ailments. It is found to grow even in brackish conditions. While surviving in such conditions, the plant evolves various adaptive mechanisms. The present study investigates the histological and morphological responses of Bacopa monnieri grown hydroponically under glycophytic and halophytic conditions. Plants were grown in Hoagland solution and subjected to various salt (NaCl) treatments. Plants cultivated without salt stress served as the control. Morphological analysis was done with the help of the graduated scale and graph paper. Histological investigations were carried out by hand sectioning followed by safranin and glycerine treatment. Photographs were taken with the help of Leica M 80 Stereomicroscope and Mag Cam. Significant morphological changes were observed regarding the leaf area, root and shoot length, tolerance index and stomatal index. The histological analysis revealed the presence of salt glands, starch granules, thickened cuticle, aerenchymatous cortex, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, phi shaped thickenings and Y, X shaped cytoplasmic strands...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Saponin derivatives from Vietnamese ginseng are proven for their efficacies in modulating oxidative stress, but there had been no reports about the interaction between them and two enzymes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). eNOS and CYP2E1 are proposed to be attractive targets for the development of inhibitors against oxidative stress, a contributing factor in aging, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the binding abilities of the saponin derivatives on both enzymes eNOS and CYP2E1 using structure-based approaches. An in-house library of 50 saponin derivatives from Vietnamese ginseng was computationally analyzed for their binding affinities and interactions with eNOS and CYP2E1 using Autodock Vina 1.5.6. The results showed that ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside R3, vina-ginsenoside R20, ginsenoside Re, notoginsenoside R1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 established the favorable interactions and exhibited high binding affinities with eNOS and CYP2E1. These compounds are potential candidates for in-vitro and in-vivo assays to assess their promising application in inhibition of these enzymes....
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Matrix tablets were developed using moi gum for investigating its suitability for the controlled release using losartan potassium as a model drug. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Lactose and dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP) were used as channelling agents. In-vitro studies were performed in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for the first two hours and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for the next ten hours. The retardation of drug release was influenced by gum concentration and nature of diluents. The drug release was retarded when compared with dissolution patterns of synthetic polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 & PEG 6000). The release rate, extent, and mechanisms were found to be governed by the concentration of the gum and channelling agents. Increased rate and extent of the drug release were found by using a higher content of channelling agent in the matrix due to increased porosity. It was found that type and concentration of channelling agent significantly affect the percentage drug release, release rate constant (K) and diffusion exponent (n). The FTIR...
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