Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases, usually known as cyclooxygenases (cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2), catalyze a key step in the formation of biologically effective prostaglandins. In recent times, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant protein, called cyclooxygenase-3 used to be found and characterized. COX-3 is studied recent along with significant margin for the formation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer agents. In a pharmaceutical area, various drugs targeted on this enzyme are Acetaminophen, Dipyrone, Antipyrine, Dimethylaminopyrene, Diclofenac, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Thalidomide and Caffeine. It is a new era for COX family that contains numerous significant applications that’s the reason it is the center of attraction for researchers. Currently, the role of COX-3 in human is unclear, but scientists continue to do work in this area. The objectives of this review article are to gather all newest data literature related to developments in the structural and biochemical features of the cyclooxygenase-3 isoenzyme along with discussing its application for the various pharmacological effects of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
The study was designed to evaluate the louscidal, and acaricidal activities of alkaloids of Calpurnia aurea leaves extracts. Alkaloid of C. area leaves extract at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml were used for in-vitro adult immersion test of ticks and lice, which they were monitored for their mortality rates for 24 h. The activities of test substances were evaluated against Amblyomma variegatum and Linognathus ovillus, and compared with diazinon 60 EC. After 24 h post exposure, two higher concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/ml of the alkaloid extract caused 100 ± 0.5% and 100 ± 0.6% lice mortality, and 100 ± 0.33 and 93.3 ± 0.33 tick mortality respectively. The alkaloid extract showed an insignificant difference in its acaricidal and louscidal activity when compared to the Diazinon 60EC at the same concentration (P>0.05). LC50 and LC90 values (with 95% confidence limits) of the alkaloid of C. aurea for lice and tick were estimated 9.08 mg/ml (6.21-13.47), 17.65 mg/ml (11.71-22.49) and mg/ml 16.69 (11.77, 26.64),...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
This study developed a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir of bulk drug and formulation by using a QbD approach. Literature survey reveals that there were very few analytical methods available for the simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. An attempt was made to develop and validate stability indicating assay method using RP-HPLC through QbD approach. In a QbD approach, Box-Behnken screening based on critical method parameters, i.e. (Buffer pH, organic phase-% methanol and flow rate). The interaction effect of these parameters on the response variables (Retention Time, NTP and tailing factor) were evaluated through 3D response graphs. The plots revealed the final chromatographic conditions of the method. The chromatographic separation was achieved using C18 inertsil ODS-2, 250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5µ column, buffer ammonium acetate and PDA detector at 254 nm. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of the two drugs from its pharmaceutical formulation as well as successfully applied for forced degradation studies. Force degradation...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Osbeckia L. of Melastomataceae are unique flowering plants showing diversity in their habit and morphological features adapted to their habitats. Limited studies were recorded with the anatomy and morphology of high elevation species. The micromorphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive structures of seven species and three varieties of O. aspera, representing diverse habitats such as altitude, availability of water and intensity of sunlight out of the twenty species of Osbeckia reported from India were narrated in the present study. An apparent type of herkogamy noticed in Osbeckia species was also recorded. Herkogamy in this family is an important feature of phylogenetic importance. This aspect of the flowers of Osbeckia appears to represent a special type of herkogamy. The most evident type of herkogamy present in Melastomataceae was represented by flowers that have styles exerted beyond the stamens. Styles and stamens that were about the same length but bent opposite from each other were noticed in some species. Based on the comparison of herkogamy in flowers of many species,...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Simarouba glauca in STZ induced diabetes in rats for type I diabetic mellitus. The leaves of Simarouba glauca were dried under shade and then powdered, and extracted with 90% methanol by reflux. Preliminary phytochemical studies and acute toxicity studies were also carried out on a methanolic extract of Simarouba glauca. After overnight fasting, for type I diabetes was induced in rats by i.p. Injection of STZ, at a dose of 65 mg/kg/b.w. Group A served as normal control while group B was considered as diabetic control. Group C was standard receiving insulin 4 U/kg, and Group D diabetic animals were treated with Simarouba glauca (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). During the study, body weight and fasting blood glucose level were taken at 0 and 30th day. At the end of the study, animals in all groups were sacrificed; blood sample, pancreas, and liver were collected – biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles, SGOT, SGPT,...
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