Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Endophyte fungi reside in the tissues beneath the epidermal cell layers and live within a plant for at least part of its life without causing apparent diseases. Eight morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were selected from the medicinal plants Elaeocarpus sphaericus coded as ELSPF 1 to 4 and Myristica fragrans coded as MYFRF 1 to 4. The highest colonization frequencies (CF %) were found to be 12.69%, and 8.33% for ELSPF 1 and MYFRF 2. Internal transcribed spacer- polymerase chain was performed for molecular identification and ~600 bp amplified products were obtained. The sequences were analysed by BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with neighbour joining method. The fungi were cultured on Potato Dextrose broth for production metabolites. The metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and constituent phytochemicals were analyzed. The crude extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The test organisms used for the antimicrobial activity studies were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebliella pneumonia. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi showed...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
The positive results of screening medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity forms primary platform for phytochemical and pharmacological studies in future. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four medicinal plants viz., Sesbania grandiflora, Epiphyllum oxypetalum, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, and Vetiveria zizanioides. Leaves were extracted using water and ethanol as solvents. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against five bacterial and fungal pathogens like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium monoliforme, Penicillium sp. Aqueous extracts of S. grandiflora was found to be most effective in inhibiting B.subtilis (23 ± 0.66) while ethanolic extracts showed N. arbor-tristis inhibiting S.typhi (20 ± 0.35). Further aqueous extracts of S. grandiflora showed considerable effect of inhibition against Penicillum sp. (22.63 ± 0.60) whereas ethanol extracts of S. grandiflora was most efficient against Penicillium sp. (24 ± 0.33). All the other plants extracts were also effectual to remarkable extent. The present investigation has thrown a light on the effect of ethanolic leaf...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Kinetics and stoichiometry S-oxidation reaction of sodium piperacillin by means of potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate in aqueous solutions using iodometric titration were studied. Zopercin® – powder in vials for piperacillin injection solution in the combined form with tazobactam (piperacillin 4.0 g and tazobactam 0.5 g) was used for analysis. A new iodometric method for quantitative determination of sodium piperacillin in Zopercin® preparation using potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate (KHSO5) as analytical reagent was proposed. Peroxomonosulfate acid as triple potassium salt 2KНSO5∙KНSO4∙K2SO4 (Oxone®) of “extra pure” qualification was used as oxidant. At pH 2-4 for 1 mole of penicillin, 1 mole of KHSO5 is consumed; the quantitative interaction is achieved within a time of more than 1 minute (observation time). The results were obtained by the recommended procedure for seven replicate titrations of mixtures containing the three species at various concentrations. RSD = 1.15 %, δ = (+0.2) %. It can be seen that piperacillin can be determined successively with good accuracy and reproducibility. The new procedure was developed and ability of quantitative...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Propranolol is beta-blocker and it is widely used in the management of hypertension. Propranolol is used to treat tremors angina, hypertension, heart rhythm disorder and other heart or circulatory conditions. The mucoadhesive buccal tablets of propranolol were papered by wet granulation method using natural polymer like Vigna mungo powder. The compatibility studies of drug and excipient were performed by FT- IR spectroscopy and DSC. After examining the flow properties of the powder blends the results were found to be within prescribed limits and indicated good flowing property, hence it was subjected to compression. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters like weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, surface pH, in-vitro studies like swelling, mucoadhesive strength, residence time and drug release. Formulation (F6) containing Vigna mungo showed good muco-adhesive strength (21.75g) and maximum drug release of 89.31% in 12 h and residence time (6.9 h). The drug content shown 92.19%, surface pH was found to be 6.9. All the evaluation parameters given the positive result and comply with...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Functionality of Ion Exchange Resin (IER) mainly depends on solubility and degree of ionization and molecular weight of drug. For this reason the application of IER is limited to only strong acidic and basic drugs or drug existing as salt; not for weak acidic and weak basic drugs due to their low ionization properties. If we increase the ionization of weak acid and bases, then application of IER will not only be limited to salts or strong acid or strong bases but also for weak acid and bases and hence almost all drugs will be complexed with IER and total exploitation of application of IER can be achieved. Solubility increasing approach such as cosolvent and 2 Hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin and ionization increasing approach such as keeping the pH above drug ionization constant (pKa) were followed to evaluate their effect on loading of a weekly acidic drug, Repaglinide (taken as model drug) and found that keeping the pH of the complexation medium more than drug pKa had maximum percentage drug loading...
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